The history, genotoxicity, and carcinogenicity of carbon-based fuels and their emissions. Part 3: Diesel and gasoline

Claxton, Larry D.

doi:10.1016/j.mrrev.2014.09.002

Cited by 58 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 286 publications

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“…Of relevance, we show [107] that, after only one hour of exposure, UFP induces complex transcriptomic modification relatable to possible cancer onset, as also reported by Longhin and collaborators [60]. These results are not new since the carcinogenic potency of diesel UFP is largely documented [108][109][110][111][112] but shed new light on the possible mechanism(s) of effects. In particular, we evidence that the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) may be regulated by STAT3 and related genes (HES1, HMOX1, IL6, IL24 and VEGF); the oncogene KRAS may be a key node in determining UFP effects by upregulating the expression of EREG; and finally, the hypoxia inducible-factor-1a (HIF1a) may play a central role in UFP-related endothelial dysfunction.…”

Section: Ultrafine Pmsupporting

confidence: 83%

Fifteen Years of Airborne Particulates in Vitro Toxicology in Milano: Lessons and Perspectives Learned

Longhin

Mantecca

Gualtieri

2020

IJMS

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Air pollution is one of the world’s leading environmental causes of death. The epidemiological relationship between outdoor air pollution and the onset of health diseases associated with death is now well established. Relevant toxicological proofs are now dissecting the molecular processes that cause inflammation, reactive species generation, and DNA damage. In addition, new data are pointing out the role of airborne particulates in the modulation of genes and microRNAs potentially involved in the onset of human diseases. In the present review we collect the relevant findings on airborne particulates of one of the biggest hot spots of air pollution in Europe (i.e., the Po Valley), in the largest urban area of this region, Milan. The different aerodynamic fractions are discussed separately with a specific focus on fine and ultrafine particles that are now the main focus of several studies. Results are compared with more recent international findings. Possible future perspectives of research are proposed to create a new discussion among scientists working on the toxicological effects of airborne particles.

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Section: Ultrafine Pmsupporting

confidence: 83%

Fifteen Years of Airborne Particulates in Vitro Toxicology in Milano: Lessons and Perspectives Learned

Longhin

Mantecca

Gualtieri

2020

IJMS

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“…The results were confirmed by a wealth of publications investigating whole DE, the volatile and particulate fractions (including extracts), or individual carcinogenic and mutagenic compounds of DE using various genotoxicity assays (US-EPA 2002;Claxton 2015a). Based on the evidence from these investigations as well as animal experiments and epidemiological studies, diesel exhaust (DE) was classified to be carcinogenic in humans by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (Benbrahim-Tallaa et al 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Combusting vegetable oils in diesel engines: the impact of unsaturated fatty acids on particle emissions and mutagenic effects of the exhaust

Bünger

Krahl

et al. 2015

Arch Toxicol

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High particle emissions and strong mutagenic effects were observed after combustion of vegetable oil in diesel engines. This study tested the hypothesis that these results are affected by the amount of unsaturated or polyunsaturated fatty acids of vegetable oils. Four different vegetable oils (coconut oil, CO; linseed oil, LO; palm tree oil, PO; and rapeseed oil, RO) and common diesel fuel (DF) were combusted in a heavy-duty diesel engine. The exhausts were investigated for particle emissions and mutagenic effects in direct comparison with emissions of DF. The engine was operated using the European Stationary Cycle. Particle masses were measured gravimetrically while mutagenicity was determined using the bacterial reverse mutation assay with tester strains TA98 and TA100. Combustion of LO caused the largest amount of total particulate matter (TPM). In comparison with DF, it particularly raised the soluble organic fraction (SOF). RO presented second highest TPM and SOF, followed by CO and PO, which were scarcely above DF. RO revealed the highest number of mutations of the vegetable oils closely followed by LO. PO was less mutagenic, but still induced stronger effects than DF. While TPM and SOF were strongly correlated with the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the vegetable oils, mutagenicity had a significant correlation with the amount of total unsaturated fatty acids. This study supports the hypothesis that numbers of double bounds in unsaturated fatty acids of vegetable oils combusted in diesel engines influence the amount of emitted particles and the mutagenicity of the exhaust. Further investigations have to elucidate the causal relationship.

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“…C 4 H 6 is considered one of the most harmful among all toxic compounds emitted by motor vehicles [18,19]. The trend in concentrations of 1,3-butadiene is similar to that one of methane and light unsaturated hydrocarbons.…”

Section: Detailed Speciation Of Hydrocarbons In Cylinder-out Exhaustmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental study on detailed emissions speciation of an HCCI engine equipped with a three-way catalytic converter

Hunicz

Medina

2016

Energy

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The history, genotoxicity, and carcinogenicity of carbon-based fuels and their emissions. Part 3: Diesel and gasoline

Cited by 58 publications

References 286 publications

Fifteen Years of Airborne Particulates in Vitro Toxicology in Milano: Lessons and Perspectives Learned

Fifteen Years of Airborne Particulates in Vitro Toxicology in Milano: Lessons and Perspectives Learned

Combusting vegetable oils in diesel engines: the impact of unsaturated fatty acids on particle emissions and mutagenic effects of the exhaust

Experimental study on detailed emissions speciation of an HCCI engine equipped with a three-way catalytic converter

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