The History of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry: Its Present Day Relevance

Stimulating a normal adjustment: Misbehavior, amphetamines, and the electroencephalogram at the bradley home for children

“…William Healy, the founder of the first child guidance clinic in 1909, placed the "child's own story" at the center of the evaluation and stressed a multifactorial explanation of behav-ior (Snodgrass, 1984). Clinic workers aimed their treatments at the child's social, scholastic, and familial conflicts (Parry- Jones, 1989) and stressed "the great part played by emotional factors in delinquency" and misbehavior (Waygood, 1941(Waygood, , p. 1440. Some clinic workers agreed that neurological or constitutional contributors to misbehavior might exist but found the presence of organic causes "often difficult to prove" (Russell, 1942, p. 95).…”

“…In keeping with Progressive Era values and Adolf Meyer's theories of maladjustment, Bradley and his staff aimed to return children to a norm of social engagement (Halpern, 1988;Jones, 1999;Munro Prescott, 1998;Parry-Jones, 1989;Pressman, 1998;Slaff, 1989). But Meyerian ideals and environmental priorities also informed Charles Bradley's biological research.…”

Growing Up? A History of CAMHS (1987–2005)

“…There are other recent histories of CAMH services in the UK (Parry‐Jones, 1989; Wardle, 1991; Black, 1993; Charman, 2004; Williams & Kerfoot, 2005) and articles concerning the scope and application of historical research in CAMHS (Parry‐Jones, 1992). In writing a history, we are inevitably influenced by our own beliefs and experiences.…”

Psychodynamics in child psychiatry in Sweden, 1945–85: from political vision to treatment ideology

“…Previous research on the development of child mental health services internationally demonstrates variations in the establishment of such support in different countries depending on socio-political and professional traditions. The philanthropic endeavours of the US Child Guidance Movement and the Child Study Movement in the early twentieth century created an intellectual legacy which in turn was moulded by specific national and domestic ideological concerns in countries throughout Western Europe (Horn, 1989; Jones 1999; Ludvigsen and Seip, 2009; Parry-Jones, 1989; Richardsson, 1989; Stewart, 2006, 2009; Thom, 1992). This shared intellectual inheritance was also intertwined with the various national precursors to psychiatric provision for children.…”

“…This shared intellectual inheritance was also intertwined with the various national precursors to psychiatric provision for children. A range of child psychiatric disorders were discussed clinically and scientifically before World War II, but child psychiatry as a medical specialty remained an undefined field until the post-war period, when it was first acknowledged as a distinct scientific field (see, e.g., Baethge, Glovinsky and Baldessarini, 2004; Evans, Rahman and Jones, 2008; Parry-Jones, 1989; Smuts, 2006). Furthermore, the development of child guidance services and child psychiatric services for children in post-war Western Europe was closely related to the structure and character of the respective national welfare systems (see, e.g., Hendrick, 2003; Jönsson, 1997; Ludvigsen, 2010; Ludvigsen and Seip, 2009).…”