The history of hypertyrosinemia caused by high protein diets

Menkes, John H.

doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2005.04.043

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 7 publications

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“…On the other hand, excessive protein supply must be avoided and some elevation in tyrosine and BUN levels for BC pigs may indicate a slight excess of available amino acids for these preterm pigs. Persistent intake of high-protein enteral diets has been associated with hypertyrosinemia and poor neurodevelopmental outcome in some earlier studies in preterm infants (9,41). Apart from the above, we did not observe any changes to blood biochemistry values indicating any marked differences in metabolism, lung, liver, or kidney functions among TPN, IF, and BC pigs.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 59%

Early gradual feeding with bovine colostrum improves gut function and NEC resistance relative to infant formula in preterm pigs

Shen

Thymann

Østergaard

et al. 2015

American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physi

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Shen RL, Thymann T, Østergaard MV, Støy AC, Krych Ł, Nielsen DS, Lauridsen C, Hartmann B, Holst JJ, Burrin DG, Sangild PT. Early gradual feeding with bovine colostrum improves gut function and NEC resistance relative to infant formula in preterm pigs. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 309: G310 -G323, 2015. First published July 2, 2015; doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00163.2015.-It is unclear when and how to start enteral feeding for preterm infants when mother's milk is not available. We hypothesized that early and slow advancement with either formula or bovine colostrum stimulates gut maturation and prevents necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in preterm pigs, used as models for preterm infants. Pigs were given either total parenteral nutrition (TPN, n ϭ 14) or slowly advancing volumes (16 -64 ml·kg Ϫ1 ·day Ϫ1 ) of preterm infant formula (IF, n ϭ 15) or bovine colostrum (BC, n ϭ 13), both given as adjunct to parenteral nutrition. On day 5, both enteral diets increased intestinal mass (27 Ϯ 1 vs. 22 Ϯ 1 g/kg) and glucagon-like peptide 2 release, relative to TPN (P Ͻ 0.05). The incidence of mild NEC lesions was higher in IF than BC and TPN pigs (60 vs. 0 and 15%, respectively, P Ͻ 0.05). Only the IF pigs showed reduced gastric emptying and gastric inhibitory polypeptide release, and increased tissue proinflammatory cytokine levels (IL-1␤ and IL-8, P Ͻ 0.05) and expression of immunerelated genes (AOAH, LBP, CXCL10, TLR2), relative to TPN. The IF pigs also showed reduced intestinal villus-to-crypt ratio, lactose digestion, and some plasma amino acids (Arg, Cit, Gln, Tyr, Val), and higher intestinal permeability, compared with BC pigs (all P Ͻ 0.05). Colonic microbiota analyses showed limited differences among groups. Early feeding with formula induces intestinal dysfunction whereas bovine colostrum supports gut maturation when mother's milk is absent during the first week after preterm birth. A dietdependent feeding guideline may be required for newborn preterm infants.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 59%

Early gradual feeding with bovine colostrum improves gut function and NEC resistance relative to infant formula in preterm pigs

Shen

Thymann

Østergaard

et al. 2015

American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physi

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Academic productivity after retirement in pediatric neurology and neuropathology

Sarnat

2018

Neurology

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Many academic neurologists and neuropathologists who retire at the peak of their careers continue to be productive in research and teaching, enhanced by years of experience and mature perspective. The early 20th-century model of institutions depending upon the generosity of such individuals to donate their time and efforts without proper recognition or compensation, despite the service, prestige, and recognition they bring to their institutions, should be reconsidered in the early 21st century in the context of fairness, honesty, dignity, and increased longevity. University pensions do not distinguish retirees who continue to contribute from those who stop working. This essay represents the author's personal reflections and experience, reinforced by similar thoughts and encouragement by numerous distinguished colleagues named at the end of the text. Funding of stipends for active emeritus professors lacks precedent but should be sought.

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The history of hypertyrosinemia caused by high protein diets

Cited by 2 publications

References 7 publications

Early gradual feeding with bovine colostrum improves gut function and NEC resistance relative to infant formula in preterm pigs

Early gradual feeding with bovine colostrum improves gut function and NEC resistance relative to infant formula in preterm pigs

Academic productivity after retirement in pediatric neurology and neuropathology

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