The History of Interconnected Evolution of Orobanche cumana Wallr. and Sunflower in the Russian Federation and Kazakhstan

Abstract

Backgrand. Lateralized periodic discharges (LPDs) are infrequent electroencephalograph (EEG) findings, and may present in ictal or interictal form. They are regarded as potential electrophysiologic signs of convulsive or nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE). We report four patients who presented with NCSE and one who presented with convulsive status epilepticus in the postictal period, characterized by LPDs in EEG recordings in the first year after stroke. Material and methods. We prospectively evaluated patients who clinically presented with status epilepticus associated LPDs between March 2014 and March 2015. We investigated patients that presented with a new stroke occurrence. We excluded the other LPD etiologies. EEG studies of five patients (two men) who were admitted to our emergency unit with confusion, three of whom had visual symptoms; four were treated for NCSE as diagnosed with LPDs. The fifth patient had convulsive status epilepticus with LPD in the postictal period. Results and Discussion. None of the five patients, who were aged between 68 and 92 years, showed any etiologic factor other than a history of cerebrovascular disease (CVD). Magnetic resonance imaging studies of the patients revealed old infarcts and transitional diffusion restrictions. The clinical and EEG findings decreased substantially upon antiepileptic drug treatment. Herein, we illustrate the first patient who had confusion, visual hallucinations, and ictal and interictal LPD in her consecutive EEGs. Conclusions. CVDs may pave the way for LPDs in patients with a history of stroke because CVDs cause structural brain damage. Patients who present with a similar clinical profile and imaging signs of stroke should be checked for NCSE, particularly in the presence of LPDs in EEGs.

Phenotypical and biochemical characterisation of resistance for parasitic weed (Orobanche foetidaPoir.) in radiation-mutagenised mutants of chickpea

“…Indeed, few specimens overcame resistance, showing atypical subterranean flowering shoots. This phenomenon was also reported for some highly virulent O. cumana biotypes on sunflower in Russia . These biotypes display flower production, self‐pollination and seed ripening in soil.…”

Genetic and Genomic Tools in Sunflower Breeding for Broomrape Resistance

“…Thus far, eight races have been reported, designated with letters from A to H [17]. Virulence discrimination of O. cumana was first reported as a difference between broomrape ability to attack varieties in the former Soviet Union, and races were described as A and the complex of races B [18]. Genetic resistance had ultimately become ineffective as the new race C emerged and severely affected sunflower production in Moldova [14].…”

“…The presence of diverse broomrape races is reported in the southern regions of the Russian Federation, named F, G, and H [19]. In Kazakhstan, races C and G have been detected [18]. Broomrape races dominant in Ukraine during the 1980s and 1990s were race C and, to a lesser extent, race D. More virulent races E, F, and G were reported in sunflower cropping areas in Ukraine [20].…”

Changes at the Rhizosphere Microbiota of the Sunflower – Orobanche cumana Wallr Pathosystem

“…dispersion and mutation. A serious obstacle to limiting the spread and control at broomrape is the fact that the parasite formed very rapidly new and becoming more virulent physiological races, which overcomes the resistance and tolerance of the selection sunflower hybrids (Molinero-Ruiz et al, 2015;Antonova, 2014;Batchvarova, 2014). The causes and mechanisms of their occurrence are not yet fully understood.…”