The history of mast cell and basophil research – some lessons learnt from the last century

Blank, Ulrich; Falcone, Franco H.; Nilsson, Gunnar

doi:10.1111/all.12197

Cited by 36 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 97 publications

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“…Instead they proposed that it is toxins and venoms that need to be rapidly neutralized and that unpleasant allergic symptoms provoke toxin-avoidance behavior. This “toxin hypothesis” of allergy can in fact be traced back to the original discovery of anaphylaxis by Portier and Richet (11) [reviewed in (12)]. However, we would argue that (1) defense against invading helminth larvae also requires very fast responses – as elegantly demonstrated in the film of Schistosoma mansoni cercariae penetrating and moving rapidly through skin tissue (13).…”

Section: The Ige Response Is a Physiological Immune Response To Helmimentioning

confidence: 92%

Helminth Allergens, Parasite-Specific IgE, and Its Protective Role in Human Immunity

2014

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The Th2 immune response, culminating in eosinophilia and IgE production, is not only characteristic of allergy but also of infection by parasitic worms (helminths). Anti-parasite IgE has been associated with immunity against a range of helminth infections and many believe that IgE and its receptors evolved to help counter metazoan parasites. Allergens (IgE-antigens) are present in only a small minority of protein families and known IgE targets in helminths belong to these same families (e.g., EF-hand proteins, tropomyosin, and PR-1 proteins). During some helminth infection, especially with the well adapted hookworm, the Th2 response is moderated by parasite-expressed molecules. This has been associated with reduced allergy in helminth endemic areas and worm infection or products have been proposed as treatments for allergic conditions. However, some infections (especially Ascaris) are associated with increased allergy and this has been linked to cross-reactivity between worm proteins (e.g., tropomyosins) and highly similar molecules in dust-mites and insects. The overlap between allergy and helminth infection is best illustrated in Anisakis simplex, a nematode that when consumed in under-cooked fish can be both an infective helminth and a food allergen. Nearly 20 molecular allergens have been isolated from this species, including tropomyosin (Ani s 3) and the EF-hand protein, Ani s troponin. In this review, we highlight aspects of the biology and biochemistry of helminths that may have influenced the evolution of the IgE response. We compare dominant IgE-antigens in worms with clinically important environmental allergens and suggest that arrays of such molecules will provide important information on anti-worm immunity as well as allergy.

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Section: The Ige Response Is a Physiological Immune Response To Helmimentioning

confidence: 92%

Helminth Allergens, Parasite-Specific IgE, and Its Protective Role in Human Immunity

2014

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“…They were named by Paul Ehrlich as fattening cells or "Mastzellen" due to their numerous granules, which he erroneously concluded were present to nurture the surrounding tissue, and their function as effectors of immediate hypersensitivity reactions including anaphylaxis was not known until the 1950s (Beaven, 2009;Blank, Falcone, & Nilsson, 2013). Mast cells derive from myeloid lineage progenitor cells originating in the bone marrow which circulate to tissues where they undergo maturation and tissue-specific differentiation (Gurish & Boyce, 2006).…”

Section: Mast Cell Ontogenymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The search for IgE was triggered by the observation that an unknown substance in serum could transfer immediate hypersensitivity from allergen to a nonallergic subject (the famed Prausnitz-K€ ustner test). Although the identification of IgE and mast cells as the effectors of this response would take decades, it was their close relationship that allowed IgE, the last and rarest of the immunoglobulins, to be found (Blank et al, 2013). Mast cells had been reported as early as 1863, but their function eluded scientists for several decades.…”

Section: The Biology Of Igementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mast cells had been reported as early as 1863, but their function eluded scientists for several decades. Eventually, the discoveries that histamine could reproduce symptoms of immediate hypersensitivity and that mast cells could be activated to release histamine by IgE led to an understanding of the roles of IgE and mast cells in allergy and anaphylaxis (Blank et al, 2013).…”

Section: The Biology Of Igementioning

confidence: 99%

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IgE and Mast Cells

Oettgen

Burton

2015

Advances in Immunology

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“…Mast cells and basophils have come into attention as their roles in allergic diseases are increasingly defined . Basophil activation parallels immediate allergic reactions, and CD63, a membrane protein from histamine‐containing lysosomes, is upregulated during basophil activation.…”

Section: Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms Of Armentioning

confidence: 99%

Latest developments in allergic rhinitis in Allergy for clinicians and researchers

Wang

2015

Allergy

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Research efforts in allergic rhinitis have always been intense. Over the past 3 years, numerous breakthroughs in basic science and clinical research have been made, augmenting our understanding of this condition that afflicts a significant proportion of the global population. New epidemiological findings, novel insights into the molecular and cellular mechanisms of allergy, enhancement of current developmental theories, new concepts of the goals and endpoints of management, and latest therapeutic modalities that includes the harnessing of information technology and big data are some areas where important advances were made. We attempt to bring you a summary of the key research advances made in the field of allergic rhinitis from 2013 to 2015.Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a common condition that affects a significant proportion of the global population, across all age groups, and is often a life-long condition. Its impact on direct and indirect healthcare costs is significant and it negatively impacts patients' quality of life, work performance and social functioning (1). Overall, AR poses a significant public health burden. Research efforts on AR have been intensive given its significance. Busy clinicians and scientists may find it difficult to keep up with the plethora of published articles and sift out the salient points. We performed this review of articles published mainly in Allergy (2013Allergy ( -2015, a representative journal in the field, to provide an update on important research findings on AR.Interesting research findings on the epidemiology, developmental theories and pathophysiology, novel technology and management have emerged. However, these studies are of diverse and unique content. We grouped these studies into a coherent bundle, which might aid in contextual understanding and interpretation. Areas of debate and uncertainty are discussed for potential research to be considered for the clarification of these knowledge gaps. Prevalence, burden and comorbidities of AR Preschool children: a neglected populationThe international ISAAC studies have elucidated the prevalence of AR, AD and asthma in children above the age of six and have enhanced our understanding of allergy in paediatric populations (2, 3). Data in preschool children are, however, lacking. A nationwide study in Portugal found that 43.4% of preschool children had rhinitis based on an adapted ISAAC questionnaire (4). A Brazilian study used Phase III EISL and modified ISAAC questionnaires to assess rhinitis symptoms in infants aged 12-15 months. This study found that 48.3% of children had at least one episode of sneezing, runny or blocked nose without cold or flu in the first year of life, and a quarter of infants had recurrent wheezing (≥3 episodes) and wheezing was more frequent in the presence of AR symptoms (5). A higher prevalence in preschool children may be expected as infectious rhinitis or other types of rhinitis is common due to a wide spectrum of risk factors (e.g. viruses, bacteria, moulds and other stimAllergy 70 (2015) ...

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The history of mast cell and basophil research – some lessons learnt from the last century

Abstract: To cite this article: Blank U, Falcone FH, Nilsson G. The history of mast cell and basophil research -some lessons learnt from the last century. Allergy 2013; 68:1093-1101.

Cited by 36 publications

References 97 publications

Helminth Allergens, Parasite-Specific IgE, and Its Protective Role in Human Immunity

Helminth Allergens, Parasite-Specific IgE, and Its Protective Role in Human Immunity

IgE and Mast Cells

Latest developments in allergic rhinitis in Allergy for clinicians and researchers

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