The History of Organic Accelerators in the Rubber Industry.

Geer, William C.; Bedford, C. W.

doi:10.1021/ie50184a021

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…In the vulcanization process of natural rubber, accelerators were used to improve the cross‐linkage of the polymer chains. Inorganic compounds such as ZnO, CaO and PbO were among the first accelerators to be used at the end of the 19th century (Geer and Bedford 1925; Fisher 1942; Matador Rubber S.R.O 2007). Carbon black and TiO 2 have also been used as filler or reinforcing agents to improve the tensile strength and abrasion resistance of the materials (Fishbein 1991; Marzec and Zaborski 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In the darkest hour: Analyses of a black spot on the last page of the diary of polar explorer Jørgen Brønlund (d. 1907)

et al. 2020

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The three members of Sledge Team 1 in the Denmark Expedition of 1906–08 died in the fall of 1907 trying to return to the basecamp in Danmarkshavn in north‐east Greenland. In their final approach they attempted to make it across 79‐Fjord towards a depot on Lambert's Land on their dog sledges, but were impaired in doing so by rough ice scape, exhaustion and hunger. The last to die was Jørgen Brønlund. His body was found four months later, along with his diary, which on the last page gave a short explanation of what happened. Below his signature was adhered a foreign black spot. The spot has been analysed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, X‐ray fluorescence, synchrotron radiation powder X‐ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy and pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry, which cast a light on the last hours of Brønlund's life. The analyses confirmed the presence of key minerals used in the production of natural rubber. Furthermore, traces of fat and petroleum derivatives combined with the sample morphology suggest that the spot originated from a rubber gasket, accidentally charred on Brønlund's attempt to preheat his Lux kerosene stove with different flammable materials in want of methylated spirits.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In the darkest hour: Analyses of a black spot on the last page of the diary of polar explorer Jørgen Brønlund (d. 1907)

et al. 2020

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“…Zinc oxide is often necessary for proper activation of the accelerator. Inorganic accelerators such as litharge and magnesia have been known for a long time, but organic accelerators, used commercially in 1906 by Oenslager (52), were first given to the world in the published patents of Bayer and Co. (53) in 1912. Oenslager used aniline and thiocarbanilide, and the Bayer patents disclosed the use of piperidine and its CS2-addition product.…”

Section: Physical Structure Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rubber: Newer theoretical and practical developments

Fisher¹

1931

J. Chem. Educ.

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The yield of plantation rubber is being increased from 350 to 1000 pounds per acre by means of bud-grafting. Latex can be vulcanized. The importance has been s h m of some of the non-rubber constituents i n the manufacture of rubber goods. The highly purified rubber hydrocarbon has been separated into rather indistinct components, and has been crystallized and men distilled. The chemical structure of natural and of synthetic rubber, and of the newer chemical deriwatives, i s discussed. X-ray studies show a definite alignment of fibers when rubber i s stretched, and the fibrous nature of stretched rubber has been proved experimentally at low temperatures. Vulcanization, aging, and the newer a p N a t i o n s of rubber in lining chemical apparatus for prmenting ice formation on airplanes, i n upholstery, rugs, etc., are summarized.

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