The History of Pellagra, Its Recognition as a Disorder of Nutrition and Its Conquest

Sydenstricker, V. P.

doi:10.1093/ajcn/6.4.409

Cited by 47 publications

(26 citation statements)

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“…This disease was characterized by dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia and death and was later termed pellagra [2]. Pellagra was a peril amongst the malnourished populations in southern Europe for over two hundred years and became an epidemic in the southern states of the U.S. in the early 1900s [3]. By 1912, South Carolina alone had over 30,000 cases of pellagra with 40% eventual mortality [4].…”

Section: Historical Background Of Vitamin B3 and Nad+mentioning

confidence: 99%

NAD + metabolism: Bioenergetics, signaling and manipulation for therapy

Yang

Sauve

2016

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Proteins and Proteomics

385

307

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We survey the historical development of scientific knowledge surrounding Vitamin B3, and describe the active metabolite forms of Vitamin B3, the pyridine dinucleotides NAD+ and NADP+ which are essential to cellular processes of energy metabolism, cell protection and biosynthesis. The study of NAD+ has become reinvigorated by new understandings that dynamics within NAD+ metabolism trigger major signaling processes coupled to effectors (sirtuins, PARPs, and CD38) that reprogram cellular metabolism using NAD+ as an effector substrate. Cellular adaptations include stimulation of mitochondrial biogenesis, a process fundamental to adjusting cellular and tissue physiology to reduced nutrient availability and/or increased energy demand. Several metabolic pathways converge to NAD+, including tryptophan-derived de novo pathways, nicotinamide salvage pathways, nicotinic acid salvage and nucleoside salvage pathways incorporating nicotinamide riboside and nicotinic acid riboside. Key discoveries highlight a therapeutic potential for targeting NAD+ biosynthetic pathways for treatment of human diseases. A recent emergence of understanding that NAD+ homeostasis is vulnerable to aging and disease processes has stimulated testing to determine if replenishment or augmentation of cellular or tissue NAD+ can have ameliorative effects on aging or disease phenotypes. This experimental approach has provided several proof of concept successes demonstrating that replenishment or augmentation of NAD+ concentrations can provide ameliorative or curative benefits. Thus NAD+ metabolic pathways can provide key biomarkers and parameters for assessing and modulating organism health.

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Section: Historical Background Of Vitamin B3 and Nad+mentioning

confidence: 99%

NAD + metabolism: Bioenergetics, signaling and manipulation for therapy

Yang

Sauve

2016

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Proteins and Proteomics

385

307

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“…Cornmeal was introduced into Europe after the voyages of Columbus in the late 15th century and rapidly became the staple diet of the poor 11–13 . The spread of cornmeal as a food source was followed by the spread of pellagra across the continent from Spain to Italy, France, central Europe, Romania, Bulgaria, Turkey, Greece, southern Russia, Hungary and Austria; 11,14 it eventually spread to Egypt, central and southern Africa and Ethiopia 6,13 . Pellagra rapidly became a worldwide health problem 15 …”

Section: Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

Pellagra: a review with emphasis on photosensitivity

Wan

Moat

Anstey

2011

British Journal of Dermatology

151

147

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Niacin has recently been demonstrated to lower blood pressure in hypertensive patients and to reduce cardiovascular events when combined with a statin. As a consequence, niacin has been elevated from being of historical interest as the treatment for pellagra, to being a compound with possible relevance to contemporary therapeutics. In spite of this, niacin deficiency leading to pellagra continues to be a health problem in some countries. Characterized by an exposed-site hyperpigmented dermatitis, pellagra is generally accepted to have been the first photosensitivity syndrome described. At its worst, pellagra manifests as one of the most striking examples of systemic photosensitivity. This is the only photosensitivity syndrome where death is included as a cardinal clinical feature (the often quoted four 'Ds': dermatitis, diarrhoea, dementia and death). However, the pathogenetic mechanism for the photosensitivity caused by niacin deficiency has yet to be determined. This review seeks to update the classification and phenotypic characterization of the various forms of niacin-deficient photosensitivity. Previous speculation about possible mechanisms for the pathogenesis of photosensitivity due to niacin deficiency is reviewed in the context of advances in the understanding of the photochemical basis of photosensitivity reactions. The review concludes by highlighting research required to advance the understanding of this photosensitivity syndrome.

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“…The importance of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD + ) metabolism became apparent subsequent to the study of pellagra, a disease characterized by a darkly pigmented skin rash, dermatitis, diarrhea and dementia, later resulting in death (Sydenstricker, 1958). A century ago, pellagra was common in rural areas of Europe and became an epidemic in the southern United States (Sydenstricker, 1958).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A century ago, pellagra was common in rural areas of Europe and became an epidemic in the southern United States (Sydenstricker, 1958). However, in 1914, Joseph Goldberger tested whether pellagra was caused by a dietary deficiency and discovered that substituting corn-based diets with milk, eggs and meat prevented and cured the condition (reprinted essay (Goldberger, 2006)).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

NAD+ Metabolism and the Control of Energy Homeostasis: A Balancing Act between Mitochondria and the Nucleus

2015

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NAD+ has emerged as a vital cofactor that can rewire metabolism, activate sirtuins and maintain mitochondrial fitness through mechanisms such as the mitochondrial unfolded protein response. This improved understanding of NAD+ metabolism revived interest in NAD+ boosting strategies to manage a wide spectrum of diseases, ranging from diabetes to cancer. In this review, we summarize how NAD+ metabolism links energy status with adaptive cellular and organismal responses and how this knowledge can be therapeutically exploited.

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The History of Pellagra, Its Recognition as a Disorder of Nutrition and Its Conquest

Cited by 47 publications

References 0 publications

NAD + metabolism: Bioenergetics, signaling and manipulation for therapy

NAD + metabolism: Bioenergetics, signaling and manipulation for therapy

Pellagra: a review with emphasis on photosensitivity

NAD+ Metabolism and the Control of Energy Homeostasis: A Balancing Act between Mitochondria and the Nucleus

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