The history of progress in dimensionally stable anodes

Abstract

This article provides a brief history of dimensionally stable anodes by reviewing innovations in the chlor-alkali industry, electroplating and electrogalvanizing, and electrowinning. These anodes are attractive for numerous reasons (e.g., long life and reduced energy consumption), but they must still overcome the hurdle of cost to gain wider acceptance for applications in the metallurgical process industries.

Bi‐Functional Iron‐Only Electrodes for Efficient Water Splitting with Enhanced Stability through In Situ Electrochemical Regeneration

“…[11][12][13] The International Energy Agency identifi ed a key obstacle to the widespread implementation of water splitting technologies to be the development of cheap and active materials to catalyze both the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER), which operate under identical and mild conditions with high efficiency and stability. [ 14 ] The most active catalysts of the HER and OER contain precious metals: Pt and RuO 2 /IrO 2 , respectively, [15][16][17][18] but there is no real possibility to scale up these materials for global demand due to their scarcity. A sustainable and global process will require the use of inexpensive, widely abundant and nontoxic materials.…”

Stimulation of the germination and growth of different plant species using an electric field treatment with IrO2‐Ta2O5|Ti electrodes

“…3 Titanium electrodes coated with IrO 2 and Ta 2 O 5 (IrO 2 -Ta 2 O 5 |Ti) are dimensionally stable and they have been widely used for the electro-oxidation of organic pollutants contained in water. 4,5 This kind of anode allows the transport of electric charge between the metal substrate (Ti), and the coating-electrolyte surface (IrO 2 -Ta 2 O 5 ) where oxidant species are generated. 6 It is also known that this kind of anode can produce hydroxyl radicals at the interface level.…”

Thermally Prepared Mn2O3/RuO2/Ru Thin Films as Highly Active Catalysts for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction in Alkaline Media

“…DSA materials are prepared by using an underlying inert support coated with a platinum‐group metal (PGM). This type of electrodes was first used in the chlor‐alkai industry . Since then, DSA materials have been used and modified with other non‐PGMs/transition‐group metals for various electrochemical reactions, including the OER .…”

“…This type of electrodes was first used in the chlor-alkai industry. [14] Since then, DSA materials have been used and modified with other non-PGMs/transition-group metals for various electrochemical reactions, including the OER. [5h, 15] In this work, the OER catalyst materials fabricated throught hermald ecomposition were characterised by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Ramans pectroscopya nd XRD to determine their morphology and structure.…”