The History of Saffron in China: From Its Origin to Applications

Abstract

Saffron blooms in autumn, specifically in November, for only 15-20 days, and does not propagate by seeds. The cultivation and processing of saffron, including harvesting, drying, and screening, require delicate and manual handling. To produce 1 kg of saffron, approximately 70,000-200,000 flowers are required and each flower weighs approximately 0.3-1.0 g. This explains why saffron remains one of the world's most expensive medicinal plants. The price of top-grade saffron can reach 100 RMB (approximately 15-16 USD) per gram in China. [3] Globally, Iran produces saffron on the largest scale and its produce is of the highest quality. Other countries, such as Australia, Canada, the USA, China, and some countries in Central Africa, also produce and export saffron every year but at a lower yield. [4] The applications of saffron have been extensively studied. There are contradictory reports in historical aspects, such as its origin and introduction to China, and there has been less emphasis on these topics. Hence, this review intends to clarify the origins of saffron and its introduction to China [Table 1], as well as to summarize its diverse applications in medicine, art, food, perfumery, and cosmetics industries in China and overseas [Figure 1].

Active constituents of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) and their prospects in treating neurodegenerative diseases (Review)

“…Saffron, the dried stigmas of the flowers of Crocus sativus L., is able to promote blood circulation and prevent blood stasis, cool and detoxify the blood, relieve depression and calm the mind ( 1 ). According to textual research, saffron was introduced to China during the Ming Dynasty (AC1368-1644) and had a long history of medicinal use ( 2 ). According to the Compendium of Materia Medica, saffron has been mainly used to treat palpitations, promote blood circulation and relieve depression or restlessness ( 3 ).…”

Natural Saffron Beverages Instead of Alcoholic Ones: An Effort to Reduce Complications

“…Iran currently produces one of the best saffron. Countries such as Australia, Canada, the United States of America, China, and some Central African countries also produce this plant [3].…”