The history of the Monti Sabatini and Alban Hills volcanoes: groundwork for assessing volcanic-tectonic hazards for Rome

Karner, Daniel B.; Marra, Fabrizio; Renne, Paul R.

doi:10.1016/s0377-0273(00)00258-4

Cited by 206 publications

(208 citation statements)

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“…Only the later Paleo-Tiber deposits are located in Rome's historical centre. These units are interdigitated with thick pyroclastic deposits produced by the Sabatini and Colli Albani volcanic complexes (Giordano et al, 2006), in this area ranging in age from 600 to 280 ka (Karner, Marra, & Renne, 2001). Continental sedimentation continued throughout these depositional cycles controlled by eustatic variations (Bellotti et al, 2007;Funiciello & Giordano, 2008;Marra & Rosa, 1995).…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 95%

Geomorphological classification of urban landscapes: the case study of Rome (Italy)

et al. 2016

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The results of a long-lasting geomorphological survey carried out in Rome are summarized. A method aimed at integrating survey data, historical maps, aerial photographs and archaeological and geomorphological literature produced a geomorphological map of the present-day historical centre. The geomorphology of Rome is related to the paleogeographical conditions prior to the founding of the City; they allow us to recognize the stages of landscape evolution of the ancient Caput Mundi (Capital of the World). The study area has been affected by continuous man-made changes to the drainage network and to the topographic surface over the last 3000 years. It has forced the authors to develop innovative solutions to undertake effective analysis of the urban environment and the legend of the geomorphological map in this peculiar context. The resulting map is useful for urban planning and archaeological research. ARTICLE HISTORY

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Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 95%

Geomorphological classification of urban landscapes: the case study of Rome (Italy)

et al. 2016

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“…The Roman landscape exposes a complex sequence of volcanic tuffs and granular ash deposits, or pozzolane, which were erupted from the Alban Hills and Monti Sabatini volcanic districts between about 560 and 35 ka (Figure 2) (De Rita, Funiciello, & Parotto, 1988;De Rita et al, 1995;Marra & Rosa, 1995;Karner, Marra, & Renne, 2001;Heiken, Funiciello, & De Rita, 2005;Marra, Florindo, & Boschi, 2008;. These interlayered ignimbrites, airfall, and reworked volcaniclastic deposits record episodes of pyroclastic eruption, pedogenesis, and fluvial deposition and erosion by the Tiber River during mid-Pleistocene sea level rise and fall ( Figure 3).…”

Section: Geologic Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Rome, interfingered mid-Pleistocene tephras of the Monti Sabatini and Alban Hills volcanic districts are interbedded with paleo-Tiber River sedimentary deposits in a complex depositional pattern resulting from interplay between glacial eustacy and sedimentation (Marra & Rosa, 1995;Karner & Marra, 1998;Karner, Marra, & Renne, 2001;Marra, Florindo, & Boschi, 2008). Alban Hills products have highly potassic, silica-depleted, K-foidite compositions, with the feldspathoid mineral leucite, clinopyroxene, and several accessory phases (Trigila et al, 1995).…”

Section: Mid-pleistocene Volcanic Ash In Roman Mortarsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Alban Hills products have highly potassic, silica-depleted, K-foidite compositions, with the feldspathoid mineral leucite, clinopyroxene, and several accessory phases (Trigila et al, 1995). The ignimbrites and subordinate airfalls of Pozzolane Rosse (456 Ϯ 3 ka), Pozzolane Nere (407 Ϯ 2 ka), and Pozzolanelle (366 Ϯ 7 ka) , dated by 40 Ar/ 39 Ar ages on leucite crystals (Karner, Marra, & Renne, 2001), represent the three final eruptive cycles of the Tuscolano-Artemisio explosive phase (De Rita, Funiciello, & Parotto, 1988;De Rita et al, 1995). These eruptions filled depressions in the paleolandscape, depositing ash up to several tens of meters thick.…”

Section: Mid-pleistocene Volcanic Ash In Roman Mortarsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mid‐Pleistocene pozzolanic volcanic ash in ancient Roman concretes

et al. 2009

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The extraordinarily durable concretes of Imperial Age (27 B.C. through 3rd century A.D.) monument construction in Rome contain scoriaceous, highly potassic, altered volcanic ash from the Pozzolane Rosse ignimbrite, erupted at 456±3ka from the Alban Hills volcano as pozzolanic mortar aggregate. Stratigraphic, micromorphological, and chemical investigations demonstrate that during the relatively warm, humid period preceding marine isotope stage 11, intensive hydrolytic pedogenesis produced dense illuvial clay coatings in the upper horizon of the ignimbrite. Moderately altered ash of the Pozzolane Rosse transitional Bt to Bw soil horizon has opal coatings overlain by limpid, illuvial halloysite coatings. Less weathered ash from a lower C horizon apparently was altered in ground water. Where the ignimbrite filled certain paleovalleys, zeolitic alteration produced phillipsite and chabazite textures. Builders selected ash from these intermediate and least altered horizons for the highest‐quality mortars of the Imperial Age, as for the Forum and Markets of Trajan (A.D. 107 to 113). The alumina‐ and alkali‐rich compositions of cementitious complexes give some preliminary insights as to why the reaction of hydrated lime with the altered, alkali‐rich Pozzolane Rosse ash produced pozzolanic cements that have remained resistant to decay for nearly 2000 years. The results of the geological analyses fully confirm empirical observations made by Esther B. Van Deman in 1912 regarding the durability of the ancient mortars and the technical choices of Roman builders. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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“…The area of the Roman Basin (Rome, Central Italy) have been object of several investigations by Volcanologists, Geologists and Palaeontologists because the peculiarity of its rocks and the richness of late Early and Middle Pleistocene fossil assemblages (Ponzi, 1878;Meli, 1896;Portis, 1896;Conato et al, 1980;Esu, 1982;Caloi & Palombo, 1986, 1994Kotsakis et al, 1992;De Rita et al, 1995;Marra et al, , 1998Milli, 1997;Caloi et al, 1998;Capasso Barbato et al, 1998;Di Stefano et al, 1998;Petronio & Sardella, 1999;Karner et al, 2001;Milli & Palombo, 2005;Cosentino et al, 2009;Sottili et al, 2010 and references therein; Petronio et al, 2011 and references therein). This area is the result of several geological processes and is characterised by Plio-Pleistocene depositionary sequences usually covered by volcanoclastic deposits (Conato et al, 1980;Caloi et al, 1998;Karner et al, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New insight into the Pleistocene deposits of Monte delle Piche, Rome, and remarks on the biochronology of <em>Hippopotamus</em> (Mammalia, Hippopotamidae) and <em>Stephanorhinus etruscus</em> (Mammalia, Rhinocerotidae) in Italy

Pandolfi¹,

Grossi²,

Frezza³

2015

Estud. geol.

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Commons Attribution-Non Commercial (by-nc) Spain 3.0 Licence. Erratum Pandolfi, L. et al. (2015). New insight into the Pleistocene deposits of Monte delle Piche, Rome, and remarks on the biochronology of Hippopotamus (Mammalia, Hippopotamidae) and Stephanorhinus etruscus (Mammalia, Rhinocerotidae) ABSTRACTSeveral large mammal assemblages have been collected in the Roman basin since the XIX century, but they usually lack any stratigraphic datum or details about the fossiliferous localities. In this work, the stratigraphic provenance of large mammal remains discovered at Monte delle Piche (Rome) is investigated. The systematic revision of these specimens allows the recording of the presence of Hippopotamus sp., Stephanorhinus sp. and Stephanorhinus etruscus. On the basis of micropalaeontological analysis performed on sediment sampled from the studied specimens and considering the stratigraphy of the area, two fossiliferous levels are recognised at Monte delle Piche.The remain of the hippopotamus was collected in fluvial gravels and sand deposits, in which the presence of Cyprideis is also recorded. This deposit is chronologically related to the latest Early-early Middle Pleistocene. Hippopotamus was present in Italy and Western Europe from the latest Villafranchian to MIS 4/3. The mandible of S. etruscus was collected in marine deposits along with abundant foraminifera and ostracods, which correlate with the late Early Pleistocene. Stephanorhinus etruscus occurred in Western Europe at the beginning of the Villafranchian, and it was documented until the end of the Villafranchian in Italy and until the Early-Middle Pleistocene transition in the Iberian Peninsula.Keywords: Hippopotamus; Stephanorhinus etruscus; Biochronology; Early Pleistocene; Monte delle Piche; Italy. RESUMENDesde el siglo XIX varias colecciones de mamíferos han sido recolectadas en la cuenca de Roma, aunque normalmente existen carencias en los datos estratigráficos o en la localización de los yacimientos. En este trabajo, se ha estudiado la posición estratigráfica de grandes mamíferos descubiertos en el Monte delle Piche (Roma).

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The history of the Monti Sabatini and Alban Hills volcanoes: groundwork for assessing volcanic-tectonic hazards for Rome

Cited by 206 publications

References 24 publications

Geomorphological classification of urban landscapes: the case study of Rome (Italy)

Geomorphological classification of urban landscapes: the case study of Rome (Italy)

Mid‐Pleistocene pozzolanic volcanic ash in ancient Roman concretes

New insight into the Pleistocene deposits of Monte delle Piche, Rome, and remarks on the biochronology of <em>Hippopotamus</em> (Mammalia, Hippopotamidae) and <em>Stephanorhinus etruscus</em> (Mammalia, Rhinocerotidae) in Italy

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