The Hitchhiking Parasite: Why Human Movement Matters to Malaria Transmission and What We Can Do About It

Marshall, John M.; Bennett, Adam; Kiware, Samson; Sturrock, Hugh J. W.

doi:10.1016/j.pt.2016.07.004

Cited by 22 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Males were more frequently diagnosed with malaria than females; males are thought to be at higher risk of malaria [15], possibly from higher travel frequency or increased exposure to mosquito bites from various activities [16]. However, women, children or migrants from high-burden countries may share a similar malaria infection frequency as men, but did not receive care at GeoSentinel surveillance sites.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Malaria after international travel: a GeoSentinel analysis, 2003–2016

Angelo

Libman

Caumes

et al. 2017

Malar J

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BackgroundMore than 30,000 malaria cases are reported annually among international travellers. Despite improvements in malaria control, malaria continues to threaten travellers due to inaccurate perception of risk and sub-optimal pre-travel preparation.MethodsRecords with a confirmed malaria diagnosis after travel from January 2003 to July 2016 were obtained from GeoSentinel, a global surveillance network of travel and tropical medicine providers that monitors travel-related morbidity. Records were excluded if exposure country was missing or unascertainable or if there was a concomitant acute diagnosis unrelated to malaria. Records were analyzed to describe the demographic and clinical characteristics of international travellers with malaria.ResultsThere were 5689 travellers included; 325 were children <18 years. More than half (53%) were visiting friends and relatives (VFRs). Most (83%) were exposed in sub-Saharan Africa. The median trip duration was 32 days (interquartile range 20–75); 53% did not have a pre-travel visit. More than half (62%) were hospitalized; children were hospitalized more frequently than adults (73 and 62%, respectively). Ninety-two per cent had a single Plasmodium species diagnosis, most frequently Plasmodium falciparum (4011; 76%). Travellers with P. falciparum were most frequently VFRs (60%). More than 40% of travellers with a trip duration ≤7 days had Plasmodium vivax. There were 444 (8%) travellers with severe malaria; 31 children had severe malaria. Twelve travellers died.ConclusionMalaria remains a serious threat to international travellers. Efforts must focus on preventive strategies aimed on children and VFRs, and chemoprophylaxis access and preventive measure adherence should be emphasized.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Malaria after international travel: a GeoSentinel analysis, 2003–2016

Angelo

Libman

Caumes

et al. 2017

Malar J

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“…Mosquitoes not only bite and harass humans but also transmit a variety of diseases, such as filariasis, dengue fever, malaria and epidemic encephalitis [1][2][3]. According to the national legal infectious disease epidemic situation report of the Bureau of Disease Control and Prevention, there were no cases of filariasis infection in China in 2017; however, the numbers of cases of dengue fever, malaria and epidemic encephalitis were 5,893, 2,697 and 1,147, with 2, 6 and 79 deaths, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the Jining area was once highly endemic for filariasis, malaria and epidemic encephalitis [8][9][10], these diseases have been controlled or eliminated by comprehensive prevention and control practices implemented over decades. However, in recent years, the rapid development of the social economy and the increase in travel to heavily endemic areas has resulted in imported infections; thus, the prevalence of mosquito-borne diseases is increasing due to population movements [2,3,11]. In August of 2017, the first outbreak of dengue fever occurred in Jining city, Jiaxiang County; a total of 79 cases were reported, and the local epidemic was caused by imported cases [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of mosquito larval habitats and insecticide resistance in an area with a high incidence of mosquito-borne diseases in Jining, Shandong Province

et al. 2020

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BackgroundTo investigate mosquito larval habitats and resistance to common insecticides in areas with high incidence rates of mosquito-borne diseases in Jining, Shandong Province, and to provide a scientific basis for the future prevention and control of mosquito-borne diseases and the rational use of insecticides. Methods and resultsFrom June to September 2018, mosquito habitat characteristics and species compositions in Jintun town were studied through a cross-sectional survey. Larvae and pupae were collected in different habitats using the standard dipping technique. A total of 7,815 mosquitoes, comprising 7 species from 4 genera, were collected. Among them, Culex pipiens pallens (n = 5,336, 68.28%) was the local dominant species and found in all four habitats (rice paddies, irrigation channels, water containers, drainage ditches). There were 1,708 Cx. tritaeniorhynchus (21.85%), 399 Anopheles sinensis (5.11%), 213 Armigeres subalbatus (2.72%), 124 Aedes albopictus (1.59%), and 35 other (Cx. bitaeniorhynchus and Cx. halifaxii) (0.45%) mosquito samples collected. Spearman correlation analysis was employed to evaluate the relationship between larval density and the physicochemical characteristics of the breeding habitat. It was found that the larval density of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus correlated positively with water depth (r = 0.927 p = 0.003), the larval density of An. sinensis correlated positively with dissolved oxygen (DO) (r = 0.775 p = 0.041) and the larval density of Cx. p. pallens correlated positively with ammonia nitrogen (r = 0.527 p = 0.002). Resistance bioassays were carried out on the dominant populations of Cx. p. pallens: mosquitoes presented very high resistance to cypermethrin and deltamethrin, moderate PLOS ONE PLOS ONE | https://doi.org/10.

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“…Migration is known to play a major role in malaria transmission as parasites are transported from one area to another [59], or one cluster to another. In this trial, migration and contamination of parasites into other clusters, was likely non-differential, and thus may bias the outcome to the null.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Community-based intermittent mass testing and treatment for malaria in an area of high transmission intensity, western Kenya: study design and methodology for a cluster randomized controlled trial

Samuels

Awino

Odongo

et al. 2017

Malar J

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Most human Plasmodium infections in western Kenya are asymptomatic and are believed to contribute importantly to malaria transmission. Elimination of asymptomatic infections requires active treatment approaches, such as mass testing and treatment (MTaT) or mass drug administration (MDA), as infected persons do not seek care for their infection. Evaluations of community-based approaches that are designed to reduce malaria transmission require careful attention to study design to ensure that important effects can be measured accurately. This manuscript describes the study design and methodology of a cluster-randomized controlled trial to evaluate a MTaT approach for malaria transmission reduction in an area of high malaria transmission. Ten health facilities in western Kenya were purposively selected for inclusion. The communities within 3 km of each health facility were divided into three clusters of approximately equal population size. Two clusters around each health facility were randomly assigned to the control arm, and one to the intervention arm. Three times per year for 2 years, after the long and short rains, and again before the long rains, teams of community health volunteers visited every household within the intervention arm, tested all consenting individuals with malaria rapid diagnostic tests, and treated all positive individuals with an effective anti-malarial. The effect of mass testing and treatment on malaria transmission was measured through population-based longitudinal cohorts, outpatient visits for clinical malaria, periodic population-based cross-sectional surveys, and entomological indices.

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The Hitchhiking Parasite: Why Human Movement Matters to Malaria Transmission and What We Can Do About It

Cited by 22 publications

References 11 publications

Malaria after international travel: a GeoSentinel analysis, 2003–2016

Malaria after international travel: a GeoSentinel analysis, 2003–2016

Investigation of mosquito larval habitats and insecticide resistance in an area with a high incidence of mosquito-borne diseases in Jining, Shandong Province

Community-based intermittent mass testing and treatment for malaria in an area of high transmission intensity, western Kenya: study design and methodology for a cluster randomized controlled trial

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