The HIV/AIDS epidemic: its evolutionary implications for human ecology with special reference to the immune system

2020

Insights Anthropol

Some research was aimed at outbreaks of violence in prisons [7,8]. Isolation in prisons seems to result in depression, psychosis, other mental health problems and physiological problems. Hysteria in factories (e.g. two incidents in the south of England, see [9]), especially in parts of Asia where factory work, unfamiliar situations, isolation from family and the demands of sweatshop conditions seemed to have considerable effects [10].One must consider that living in dense urban conditions is new to our species and has only a history of less than 10,000

Section: Coronaviridae Infection Adaptation and Treatments (Old And New)mentioning

confidence: 71%

Section: Changing Nature Of Disease and The Natural History Of Infectious Agents Changing Human Response And Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

Covid-19, Isolation, Mammalian Dispersal Patterns, Urban Density, Social Distancing and Mass Psychogenic Disease

2020

Insights Anthropol

“…Studies of proteins that interact with viruses indicate relationships between viral infection, introgression and viral selection in Neandertals and modern humans (Enard & Petrov, 2018). Knowledge of pathogen selection seems essential to understand human evolution (Caldararo, 1996).…”

Section: Graph Theory Nodes and Neighbor Joining For Discovering Pamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…history (Caldararo, 1996). Eventually, new techniques will bring us closer to an understanding of the relationships of paleospecies representing human evolution.…”

Section: Conclusion: Over Extension and Futuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probability, Populations, Phylogenetics, and Hominin Speciation

2018

Human Biology

“…A number of viruses have appeared in the 20 th century that challenged the future of dense urban living; these include Influenza, Polio, HIV and Covid-19. One generally attacked individuals of reproductive age, a second, attacked children and individuals of reproductive age, the third adapted to the human immune system causing a general destruction of its capacity to respond and the last preferentially attacked those over 55 years [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coevolution and Adaptation of Viral Infections, Susceptible Populations, Evolution of Disease and Variant Creation Related to SARS-CoV-2

2023

AEOAJ

Covid-19 has created a major health challenge as a pandemic and demonstrates the threats that human populations face with increased population numbers and density of living situations. Pathogen adaptations to the human immune system are a treat to social complexity and evolution. Present theory argues that human social complexity has advanced in population density due to epidemiologic transition. Globalization and increase human needs for resources with increased density may be reaching limits of the potential for further transitions. The spread of the disease has resulted from mutations making the virus more easily transmitted. Analysis of the viral genome also shows substantial recombination among viral species, quasi-species and variants since an evolutionary event some 5,000 years ago that created several coronavirus groups. Rapid evolution due to recombination and purifying selection of the viral genome, pose a substantial difficulty in producing vaccines and methods of preventing transmission without onerous social distancing and other practices. Typical aspects of the natural history of pathogen infection in mammalian populations that limit the spread, duration and severity of disease (immunity, etc.) appear to be undermined by these features of viral mutation and gene exchange. Breakthrough infections, reinfection after disease and viral escape of vaccines due to evolution of mutations, indicate the possibility of endemic coronavirus in human populations.