The holocaust of first nation people: Residual effects on parenting and treatment implications

Historical Trauma Among Indigenous Peoples of the Americas: Concepts, Research, and Clinical Considerations

“…Boarding school attendance affected entire family systems; individual and family relationships; family, community, and cultural attachments; and interpersonal communication (Abadian 2008;Barnard 2007;Mooradian, Cross & Stutzky 2007;Grandbois 2005;Schafor, Horejsi & Horejsi 1997;Mannes 1995;Morrissette 1994). Chase (2011) found that students who experienced harsh parenting both at home and at boarding schools reported continued difficulty with trust, relationship building, parenting, and communication.…”

Desistance and Identity Change among Aboriginal Females

“…In the past 200 years Aboriginal identity eroded in a legacy of cultural destruction due to colonialism, missionization, the repudiation and suppression of many customs and beliefs, the establishment of reservations, and residential (boarding) schools. This forced assimilation led to loss of language, traditions, and cultural socialization (Bull, 1991;Ing, 1991;Morrissette, 1994). Contemporary children and youth continue to be threatened and unable to protect the self from an unsympathetic school system (Hart, 2002).…”

Balancing Empiricism and Local Cultural Knowledge in the Design of Prevention Research

“…49,50 These issues are compounded when insufficient consideration is given to the impact of oppression, discrimination, and disempowerment among AIAN community members. 51 In contrast, collaborations that acknowledge and work within this historical framework have the greatest likelihood of producing lasting change. 46 Thus, much of the recent work in AIAN communities has emphasized community involvement and the protection of tribal interests throughout the research process.…”