The Holocene floods and their affinity to climatic variability in the western Himalaya, India

Sharma, Shubhra; Shukla, A. D.; Bartarya, S. K.; Marh, B.S.; Juyal, Navin

doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2017.04.030

Cited by 29 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 123 publications

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“…The understanding of spatial interrelationship of landslides, litho‐tectonic, and climate regime shall also be significant for any study in the future concerning susceptibility, hazard, and risk assessment. Because the valley is prone to frequent landslide lake outburst floods (Gupta & Sah, ; Ruiz‐Villanueva, Allen, Arora, Goel, & Stoffel, ; Sharma, Shukla, Bartarya, Marh, & Juyal, ), landslide volume data of this study shall be crucial in evaluation of such hazardous process. Nonetheless, because the estimation of area and volume is subject to change over time, the dimensional pattern in our study represents the existing scenario.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial interrelationship of landslides, litho‐tectonics, and climate regime, Satluj valley, Northwest Himalaya

2018

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Landslides have been considered widely as principal mass wasting agents in the valleys experiencing varied influence of tectonics and climate. However, pattern of landslides is rarely addressed in the literature that may act as a surface manifestation of interrelationship of tectonics, climate, and lithology. Here, we have attempted to understand such interrelationship in the context of landslide distribution pattern in the Satluj valley, Northwest Himalaya. Geomorphic indices such as steepness index, valley floor width to valley height ratio, and topographic swath profile were used for tectonic inference. Daily rainfall data of the year 2000-2016, using 5 rain-gauge stations and swath profile of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, were used to deduce spatial variability of climate. Influence of lithological variability and regional faults; Sangla Detachment, Main Central Thrust, and Munsiari Thrust on the landslide distribution are also inferred. A total of 55 landslides (20 rock avalanche, 19 debris slides, and 16 rockfalls) are found to exist in 6 clusters along 130 km stretch of the Satluj valley. These landslides, covering a total area (A) and volume (V) of 1.05 × 10 7 m 2 and 4.4 × 10 7 m 3 , respectively, are also noted to follow a power law (R 2 = 0.8) and result in a scaling relationship of V = (0.180)A 1.208 .

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial interrelationship of landslides, litho‐tectonics, and climate regime, Satluj valley, Northwest Himalaya

2018

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“…11). Previous studies have also noted that the most of the landslide dams in the river valley had originated in the HHC region and climatic factors, particularly rainfall, was the most probable reason for the slope failures (Sharma et al 2017). The earthquake, however, has been second to rainfall as the triggering factor for slope failures in the study area.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…Remaining four landslides (S.N. 7, 14, 15, 19), though showed instability i.e., HDSI <5.74 at present, may form the dam in near future as the region accommodating these landslides has been affected by such damming and subsequent flash floods in the past (Sharma et al 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Inferring potential landslide damming using slope stability, geomorphic constraints and run-out analysis; case study from the NW Himalaya

Kumar¹,

Jamir²,

Gupta³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Abstract. Prediction of potential landslide damming has been a difficult process owing to uncertainties related to landslide volume, resultant dam volume, entrainment, valley configuration, river discharge, material composition, friction, and turbulence associated with the material. In this study instability pattern of landslides, parametric uncertainty, geomorphic indices, post-failure run-out predictions, and spatio-temporal pattern of rainfall and earthquake is explored using Satluj valley, North-West (NW) Himalaya as a case study area to predict the potential landslide damming sites. The study area witnessed landslide damming in the past and incurred $ ~ 30 M loss and 350 lives in the last four decades due to such processes. Forty-four active landslides in the study area that cover a total ~ 4.81 ± 0.05 × 106 m2 area and ~ 34.1 ± 9.2 × 106 m3 volume are evaluated in the study to identify those that may result in potential landslide damming. Out of forty-four, five landslides covering the volume of ~ 26.3 ± 6.7 × 106 m3 are observed to form potential landslide dams. Spatio-temporal varying patterns of rainfall in recent years enhance the possibility of landslide triggering and hence potential damming. These landslides also resulted in 24.8 ± 2.7 m to 39.8 ± 4.0 m high material flow in run-out predictions.

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“…Much attention has been paid to understanding the patterns of cooling ages and exhumation rates in the Himalaya, and the feedbacks between tectonics and climate that are responsible for the distribution and intensity of Himalayan denudation across million‐year timescales (Schelling & Arita, 1991; Srivastava & Mitra, 1994; Thiede & Ehlers, 2013). Many studies have argued that denudation is primarily governed by climate; orographic precipitation causes rapid erosion and exhumation along the Himalayan front and Lesser Himalaya (Biswas et al., 2007; Grujic et al., 2006; Kumar et al., 2018; Sharma et al., 2017; Thiede et al., 2004; Zeitler et al., 2001). However, young AFT ages (<10 Ma) and rapid rates of exhumation throughout the Lesser Himalaya and GHS‐S instead reflect a close interaction between tectonics, denudation and monsoon‐enhanced erosion, rather than just the latter (e.g., Thiede et al., 2004; Vannay et al., 2004; Wobus et al., 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rockwall Slope Erosion in the Northwestern Himalaya

et al. 2021

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Rockwall slope erosion is an important component of alpine landscape evolution, yet the role of climate and tectonics in driving this erosion remains unclear. We define the distribution and magnitude of periglacial rockwall slope erosion across 12 catchments in Himachal Pradesh and Jammu and Kashmir in the Himalaya of northern India using cosmogenic 10Be concentrations in sediment from medial moraines. Beryllium‐10 concentrations range from 0.5 ± 0.04 × 104 to 260.0 ± 12.5 × 104 at/g SiO2, which yield erosion rates between 7.6 ± 1.0 and 0.02 ± 0.004 mm/a. Between ∼0.02 and ∼8 m of rockwall slope erosion would be possible in this setting across a single millennium, and >2 km when extrapolated for the Quaternary period. This erosion affects catchment sediment flux and glacier dynamics, and helps to establish the pace of topographic change at the headwaters of catchments. We combine rockwall erosion records from the Himalaya of Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, and Uttarakhand in India and Baltistan in Pakistan to create a regional erosion data set. Rockwall slope erosion rates progressively decrease with distance north from the Main Central Thrust and into the interior of the orogen. The distribution and magnitude of this erosion is most closely associated with records of Himalayan denudation and rock uplift, where the highest rates of change are recorded in the Greater Himalaya sequences. This suggests that tectonically driven uplift, rather than climate, is a first order control on patterns of rockwall slope erosion in the northwestern Himalaya. Precipitation and temperature would therefore come as secondary controls.

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The Holocene floods and their affinity to climatic variability in the western Himalaya, India

Cited by 29 publications

References 123 publications

Spatial interrelationship of landslides, litho‐tectonics, and climate regime, Satluj valley, Northwest Himalaya

Spatial interrelationship of landslides, litho‐tectonics, and climate regime, Satluj valley, Northwest Himalaya

Inferring potential landslide damming using slope stability, geomorphic constraints and run-out analysis; case study from the NW Himalaya

Rockwall Slope Erosion in the Northwestern Himalaya

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