The Holocene Labrador Current: Changing linkages to atmospheric and oceanographic forcing factors

Rashid, Harunur; Piper, David J. W.; Lazar, Kelly Best; McDonald, Kieran; Saint‐Ange, Francky

doi:10.1002/2016pa003051

Cited by 29 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…The diverging features are explained by changes in the influence of the NAC to the southern site versus the Labrador Current to the more northern site (Sicre et al, ). Grain size variability and benthic oxygen isotopes and land‐derived Ti/Ca ratios are interpreted as an overall Holocene cooling trend (Rashid et al, ). This cooling trend is proposed to lead to an increase in sea ice duration in the Labrador Sea that diminishes freshwater supply and results in weakening of the Labrador Current (Rashid et al, ).…”

Section: North Atlantic Variability Over the Last 2000 Years: A Proxmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variability in the Northern North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans Across the Last Two Millennia: A Review

Moffa-Sánchez

Moreno-Chamarro

Reynolds

et al. 2019

Paleoceanog and Paleoclimatol

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The climate of the last two millennia was characterized by decadal to multicentennial variations, which were recorded in terrestrial records and had important societal impacts. The cause of these climatic events is still under debate, but changes in the North Atlantic circulation have often been proposed to play an important role. In this review we compile available high‐resolution paleoceanographic data sets from the northern North Atlantic and Nordic Seas. The records are grouped into regions related to modern ocean conditions, and their variability is discussed. We additionally discuss our current knowledge from modeling studies, with a specific focus on the dynamical changes that are not well inferred from the proxy records. An illustration is provided through the analysis of two climate model ensembles and an individual simulation of the last millennium. This review thereby provides an up‐to‐date paleoperspective on the North Atlantic multidecadal to multicentennial ocean variability across the last two millennia.

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Section: North Atlantic Variability Over the Last 2000 Years: A Proxmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variability in the Northern North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans Across the Last Two Millennia: A Review

Moffa-Sánchez

Moreno-Chamarro

Reynolds

et al. 2019

Paleoceanog and Paleoclimatol

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“…Hu2006-040-040 has been interpreted to imply a relatively strong current at this time (Rashid et al, 2017;Fig. 6c).…”

Section: Sudden Warming Followed By Gradual Cooling Of the Labrador Cmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Although LC vigour was tied to early Holocene freshwater discharge, no such linkage is apparent during the middle to late Holocene (Rashid et al, 2017). The authors, however, suggested that the LC weakening of the last 3,000 years was related to the Neoglacial cooling and enhanced sea ice production, which would have locked up larger amounts of freshwater, resulting 10 in diminished supply of freshwater and a weakening of the LC.…”

Section: Subsurface Warm Water Intrusions On the Labrador Shelf Despimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6c). Although the strength of the LC has generally been tied to meltwater drainage and enhanced freshwater fluxes during the early Holocene, no such linkage has been found for the middle to late Holocene (Rashid et al, 2017). Thus, the role of sea ice and freshwater export on the strength of the LC remains uncertain.…”

Section: Sudden Warming Followed By Gradual Cooling Of the Labrador Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While several studies have provided middle 20 to late Holocene reconstructions of the northward flowing WGC along the western coast of Greenland (Krawczyk et al, 2010;Lloyd et al, 2007;Moros et al, 2016;Møller et al, 2006;Seidenkrantz et al, 2007;Sha et al, 2017) or the IC (Moffa-Sánchez et al, 2014;Moffa-Sánchez and Hall, 2017), there is less evidence for water mass conditions in the southward flowing LC, as paleoceanographic reconstructions from the Labrador Shelf have mainly focussed on late deglacial to early Holocene meltwater run-off from the LIS (e.g. Jennings et al, 2015, Hoffman et al, 2012Lewis et al, 2012;Hillaire-25 Marcel et al, 2007) and its impact on LC strength (Rashid et al, 2017). Conversely, most reconstructions of sea surface temperature and sea ice cover focus on the region around Newfoundland (Keigwin et al, 2005;Solignac et al, 2011;Sicre et al, 2014, Sheldon et al, 2015 and Orphan Knoll (Hoogakker et al, 2011;, whereas very little information is available about middle to late Holocene water mass conditions in the central LC, as high-resolution late Holocene sediment records from the Labrador Shelf and Slope are sparse.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Surface and subsurface Labrador Shelf water mass conditions during the last 6,000 years

Lochte¹,

Schneider²,

Repschläger³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Abstract. The Labrador Sea is important for the modern global thermohaline circulation system through the formation of intermediate Labrador Sea Water (LSW) that has been hypothesized to stabilize the modern mode of North Atlantic deep-water circulation. The rate of LSW formation is controlled by the amount of winter heat loss to the atmosphere, the expanse of freshwater in the convection region and the inflow of saline waters from the Atlantic. The Labrador Sea, today, receives freshwater through the East and West Greenland Currents (EGC, WGC) and the Labrador Current (LC). Several studies have suggested the WGC to be the main supplier of freshwater to the Labrador Sea, but the role of the southward flowing LC in Labrador Sea convection is still debated. At the same time, many paleoceanographic reconstructions from the Labrador Shelf focussed on late Deglacial to early Holocene meltwater run-off from the Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS), whereas little information exists about LC variability since the final melting of the LIS about 7,000 years ago. In order to enable better assessment of the role of the LC in deep-water formation and its importance for Holocene climate variability in Atlantic Canada, this study presents high-resolution middle to late Holocene records of sea surface and bottom water temperatures, freshening and sea ice cover on the Labrador Shelf during the last 6,000 years. Our records reveal that the LC underwent three major oceanographic phases from the Mid- to Late Holocene. From 6.2 to 5.6 ka BP, the LC experienced a cold episode that was followed by warmer conditions between 5.6 and 2.1 ka BP, possibly associated with the late Holocene Thermal Maximum. Although surface waters on the Labrador Shelf cooled gradually after 3 ka BP in response to the Neoglaciation, Labrador Shelf subsurface/bottom waters show a shift to warmer temperatures after 2.1 ka BP. Although such an inverse stratification by cooling of surface and warming of subsurface waters on the Labrador Shelf would suggest a diminished convection during the last two millennia compared to the mid-Holocene, it remains difficult to assess whether hydrographic conditions in the LC have had a significant impact on Labrador Sea deep-water formation.

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Labrador Current fluctuation during the last glacial cycle

et al. 2018

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The Holocene Labrador Current: Changing linkages to atmospheric and oceanographic forcing factors

Cited by 29 publications

References 67 publications

Variability in the Northern North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans Across the Last Two Millennia: A Review

Variability in the Northern North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans Across the Last Two Millennia: A Review

Surface and subsurface Labrador Shelf water mass conditions during the last 6,000 years

Labrador Current fluctuation during the last glacial cycle

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