The homopolymerization of maleic anhydride

Lang, John L.; Pavelich, William A.; Clarey, H. D.

doi:10.1002/pol.1961.1205516238

Cited by 33 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Because unsaturated dibasic acids like maleic acid do not polymerize alone, 18 the grafting of dibasic acid onto ref-1 was carried out in the presence of an initiator (peroxodisulfate) and a small quantity of vinyl acetate at 60°C (+ 1°C). It was observed that when initial dibasic acid concentrations of 1% were used, grafting onto ref-1 ceased after 2 h, as determined acidometrically.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement in properties of poly(vinyl acetate): Emulsion with dibasic acids

Verma¹,

Bisarya²

1986

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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SynopsisWe report an attempt to graft cis (maleic and citraconic) and tmns (e.g., fumaric and mesaconic) unsaturated dibasic acids onto poly(viny1 acetate) in emulsion systems, in the presence of an initiator and a small quantity of vinyl acetate. The resulting emulsions showed better adhesiveness, higher shear strength, and varied viscosity, and yielded relatively translucent films with faster drying properties. Grafting in the case of these acids was poor, but the cis acids were better grafted than the tmns acids. Furthermore, saturated acids (e.g., oxalic and succinic acid) and an inorganic acid (boric acid) were only physically incorporated in the poly(viny1 acetate) emulsion (PVAc emulsion); the resulting product also showed similar improvement in the end properties. INTRODUCTIONInterest in poly(viny1 acetatel-based adhesives having higher binding strength and better film properties has grown considerably in the past two decades because of their wide use in adhesives, paints? paper: and in the textile industries. Improvement in adhesiveness5s6 by incorporation of maleic anhydride or maleic acid in 0.1% concentration in butadiene-acrylonitrile copolymer (for metals), in poly(ethy1 acrylate# (for steel), in vinyl plastisolsg (for nylon and polyester fabrics'O), in vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate" (for cartons); and similarly of oxalic acid in 2-4% concentration in poly(viny1 butyral) (for glass), l2 has been well established.In continuation of our studies 13,14 on poly(viny1 acetate) emulsions (PVAc emulsions) with a n objective to. obtain a better adhesive, a systematic attempt has been made to graft different classes of unsaturated dibasic acids and compare the resulting properties with those of emulsions in which saturated and inorganic acids were physically incorporated. Thus (1) Unsaturated cis acids, i.e., maleic acid (MA) and citraconic acid (CA); (2) trans acids, i.e., fumaric acid (FA) and mesaconic acid (MCA); (31 saturated acids, i.e., oxalic acid (OA) and succinic acid (SA); and (4) boric acid (BA) (in view of its special gelling effectI5 on poly(viny1 alcohol)) were chosen for the present study. The percent grafting, or chemical incorporation in the polymer chain, was determined by infrared (IR) spectroscopy and by quantitative estimation of acidity, (volumetrically). Grafting, in general, was poor, although cis dibasic acids, as expected due to the regioselectivity, were better grafted (0.09-0.1%, 2h) than trans acids (0.0-0.02%, 2h). Further, these emulsions showed better adhesiveness (as measured on an Instron) thanTo whom all correspondence should be addressed. Films prepared from these emulsions were faster drying on nonporous surfaces and more translucent (light transmission was measured on a spectrophotometer, Toshniwal model). EXPERIMENTAL Material1. Ref-1: PVAc emulsion was prepared14 by radical emulsion polymerization of vinyl acetate. To a solution of protective colloid and emulsifier (46 g polyvinyl alcohol in 420 mL water) were added an initiator (30% hydrogen peroxide, 1.5 mL), acetic ...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement in properties of poly(vinyl acetate): Emulsion with dibasic acids

Verma¹,

Bisarya²

1986

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…The homopolymerization processes of MA induced by UV irradiation, sometimes in dehyde, benzoic acid, and ethylbenzoate, mainly derived from the primary photofragmentation of the presence of suitable sensitizers. [49][50][51][52] 3. The light-induced copolymerization prothe BEE photoinitiator, followed by further addition or oxidation modification reactions.…”

Section: Light-induced Grafting Reactions Of Maleicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functionalization of polyorganophosphazenes. VII. Photooxidative stabilization of aryloxy-substituted polyorganophosphazenes induced by grafting HALS groups through anhydride moieties

Minto

Borzatta²,

Bertani

et al. 1997

J. Appl. Polym. Sci.

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ABSTRACT:In this article, the general procedure for stabilizing polyorganophosphazenes against the damage induced in these substrates by photooxidation reactions under accelerated conditions is explored. This method is based on the preventive grafting of succinic anhydride groups onto selected polyphosphazenes induced by light excitation, followed by the reaction of the functionalized phosphazene substrates with aminoterminated HALS groups. HALS moieties, in fact, are able to strongly inhibit the photooxidation of phosphazene films under accelerated conditions even when randomly attached to the polyphosphazene materials in very low amounts.

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“…The solvent, electrolyte and the reference electrode were the same as those used in cyclic voltammetry. Platinum foils (1 in.') were used as working and counter electrodes.…”

Section: Polymerization Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electronitiated polymerization of maleic anhydride by direct electron transfer

Akbulut

Hacioğlu

1991

J. Polym. Sci. A Polym. Chem.

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SYNOPSISControlled potential electrolysis was employed to accomplish homopolymerization of maleic anhydride, by direct electron transfer. The solvent used in the polymerization studies was acetonitrile-dimethylformamide mixture ( 1 : 1 ) with the supporting electrolyte tetrabutylammonium tetra fluoroborate. A brown paramagnetic polymer was obtained from the catholyte, upon electroreduction of monomer.

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The homopolymerization of maleic anhydride

Cited by 33 publications

References 1 publication

Improvement in properties of poly(vinyl acetate): Emulsion with dibasic acids

Improvement in properties of poly(vinyl acetate): Emulsion with dibasic acids

Functionalization of polyorganophosphazenes. VII. Photooxidative stabilization of aryloxy-substituted polyorganophosphazenes induced by grafting HALS groups through anhydride moieties

Electronitiated polymerization of maleic anhydride by direct electron transfer

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