The Hook Test for Distal Biceps Tendon Avulsion

O’Driscoll, Shawn W.; Gonçalves, Lucas Braga Jacques; Dietz, Patricio

doi:10.1177/0363546507305016

Cited by 243 publications

(137 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…More recently, and since completion of our study, the biceps hook test has been reported to have 100% sensitivity and specificity in the assessment of 45 patients presenting with complete distal biceps tendon ruptures [15]. This test interprets the integrity of the distal biceps tendon with deep invagination of the examiner's finger beneath the lateral edge of the biceps tendon.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…We applied the BCI test to a prospective series of 29 injured patients with an average age of 47 years (range, 26-63 years), which is in keeping with published demographics for distal biceps tendon ruptures [1,2,5,15,19]. Based on classification of acute distal biceps tendon rupture injuries as less than 10 days [6,9,15], our sample represented an adequate mix of acute (19 of 29) and chronic presentations (10 of 29) on which to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of our test (Table 3).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In light of the high frequency of delayed surgical referrals for complete distal biceps tendon ruptures [9,11,15], we developed the BCI test to objectively measure and quantify the distance between two relevant, defined anatomic landmarks: the antecubital crease of the elbow and the cusp of distal descent of the biceps muscle (Fig. 1).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on classification of acute distal biceps tendon rupture injuries as less than 10 days [6,9,15], our sample represented an adequate mix of acute (19 of 29) and chronic presentations (10 of 29) on which to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of our test (Table 3). Although we were able to show interrater reliability of BCI measures on a normal population, only the senior author (AE) applied the BCI test on injured patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Biceps Crease Interval for Diagnosing Complete Distal Biceps Tendon Ruptures

Elmaraghy

Devereaux

Tsoi

2008

Clin Orthop Relat Res

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Complete distal biceps tendon ruptures require prompt surgical management for optimal functional and aesthetic outcome. The need exists for a valid and reliable diagnostic tool to expedite surgical referral. We hypothesized complete distal biceps tendon ruptures result in an objectively measurable anatomic landmark (the distance between the antecubital crease of the elbow and the cusp of distal descent of the biceps muscle, or the biceps crease interval), as a result of proximal retraction of the musculotendinous complex. We established normal biceps crease interval values and biceps crease ratios between dominant and nondominant arms in 80 men with no history of biceps injury (average age, 43 years). The mean (± standard deviation) biceps crease interval for dominant and nondominant arms was 4.8 ± 0.6 cm. The mean biceps crease ratio was 1.0 ± 0.1. We measured the biceps crease interval and biceps crease ratio on 29 consecutive patients presenting with a possible complete distal biceps tendon rupture. Using a diagnostic threshold of a biceps crease interval greater than 6.0 cm or biceps crease ratio greater than 1.2, the biceps crease interval test had a sensitivity of 96% and a diagnostic accuracy of 93% for identifying complete distal biceps tendon ruptures, making it a valid and reliable tool for clinicians to identify cases requiring urgent surgical referral.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Biceps Crease Interval for Diagnosing Complete Distal Biceps Tendon Ruptures

Elmaraghy

Devereaux

Tsoi

2008

Clin Orthop Relat Res

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“…A palpable gap, emptiness in the fossa and pain on palpation of the distal tendon with weakness of resisted supination are all signs suggestive of injury. Provocative tests include the biceps squeeze test and the biceps hook test; both tests have been reported to have a sensitivity and specificity of up to 100% [3,4]. It is suggested that patients lose 20-30% of their flexion strength and 40-50% of supination strength after this injury [5].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Biotenodesis Screw and Endobutton Technique for Repair for Acute Distal Biceps Tendon Rupture

C¹,

D²,

J³

et al. 2018

Clin Arch Bone Joint Dis

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A novel clinical test for partial tears of the distal biceps brachii tendon: The TILT sign

Shim

Strauch

2018

Clinical Anatomy

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Partial tears of the distal biceps brachii tendon are rare. A complete tear of the distal biceps brachii tendon is readily diagnosed on the basis of history and physical examination and has a well-described clinical presentation of acute pain in the antecubital fossa, localized tenderness, swelling, palpable defect, positive hook test, and weakness in forearm supination and elbow flexion. Partial tears, on the other hand, can present more subtly and remain a diagnostic challenge. We present a novel physical examination technique that utilizes the rotational anatomy of the radius. The patient's forearm is passively supinated and pronated with the elbow flexed to 90° while the examiner firmly palpates the dorsal forearm overlying the radial tuberosity. The tuberosity presents itself beneath the examining fingers only in full forearm pronation. A positive test is indicated by tenderness over the radial (or lateral) aspect of the tuberosity (TILT sign) only in full forearm pronation, and not in supination. We have found this diagnostic test to be 100% sensitive for diagnosing partial distal biceps brachii tendon tears over the last five years during which it has been in use. Representative example cases are presented. A positive TILT sign indicates a diagnosis of partial tear of the distal biceps brachii tendon. This simple diagnostic maneuver could facilitate earlier detection of these injuries. Clin. Anat. 31:301-303, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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The Hook Test for Distal Biceps Tendon Avulsion

Abstract: The hook test is a highly sensitive and specific test for assessment of distal biceps tendon avulsions.

Cited by 243 publications

References 15 publications

The Biceps Crease Interval for Diagnosing Complete Distal Biceps Tendon Ruptures

The Biceps Crease Interval for Diagnosing Complete Distal Biceps Tendon Ruptures

The Biotenodesis Screw and Endobutton Technique for Repair for Acute Distal Biceps Tendon Rupture

A novel clinical test for partial tears of the distal biceps brachii tendon: The TILT sign

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