The Host-Parasite Relationship in Neosporosis

Hemphill, Andrew

doi:10.1016/s0065-308x(08)60241-9

Cited by 68 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 193 publications

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“…It appears that certain cell types that are present in the cellular fraction of semen could harbour N. caninum tachyzoites because virtually no specific DNA was present in seminal fluid. It is likely that immune cells, such as mononuclear phagocytic cells, are responsible for protozoa transport in blood, semen and other organic fluids, as circulating antibodies and complement could easily kill extracellular tachyzoites during reactivation [16]. Trafficking of leukocytes to disseminate intracellular parasites via a Trojan horse-type mechanism has been postulated for other apicomplexan parasites, such as Toxoplasma gondii [17].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental neosporosis in bulls: Parasite detection in semen and blood and specific antibody and interferon-gamma responses

et al. 2007

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Aim: To investigate the presence of Neospora caninum in semen and blood, and the development of specific antibody and interferon-gamma (IFN-g) responses in experimentally infected bulls. Methods: Eight bulls were intravenously infected with 10 8 live N. caninum tachyzoites of NC-1 isolate. The presence of N. caninum in semen and blood was assessed using a nested-PCR procedure. PCR-positive semen samples were bioassayed using a BALB/c nu/nu mouse model. Specific anti-N. caninum antibody and IFN-g responses were also examined. In parallel, eight seronegative bulls were studied as non-infected controls. All bulls were monitored for 26 weeks. Results: All eight experimentally infected bulls showed N. caninum DNA in their semen and/or blood samples at some time during the course of the study. Parasite load in semen ranged from 0.1 to 14.5 parasites/ml (mean 6.0). N. caninum could not be detected in BALB/c nu/nu mice inoculated with PCR-positive semen samples. A significant increase in mean serum specific IgM antibody response to N. caninum was detected between 10 and 28 days post-infection (p.i.). Serum specific IgG, IgG1, and IgG2 antibody levels in experimentally infected bulls were significantly different after 21, 10, and 14 days p.i. as compared to controls, respectively. Specific anti-N. caninum IgG were detected in seminal plasma from infected bulls and values obtained were different from controls after 25 days p.i. Mean specific IFN-g responses in experimentally infected bulls were significantly higher than controls 3 days p.i. Conclusions: This is the first study to report the presence of N. caninum DNA in the semen and blood of experimentally infected bulls. Our observations indicate an intermittent presence of N. caninum in low numbers in semen and associated with chronic stage of the infection. This study is also the first to report the detection of anti-N. caninum IgG in seminal plasma of experimentally infected bulls. #

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental neosporosis in bulls: Parasite detection in semen and blood and specific antibody and interferon-gamma responses

et al. 2007

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“…The culture medium is usually supplemented with foetal calf serum (FCS). Some batches of foetal calf serum can cause agglutination and poor growth of the tachyzoites [22] and the presence of FCS can be responsible for a high background signal when using IFAT or ELISA. Horse serum (HS) has been proposed as an alternative to FCS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of a serum-free medium to produce in vitro Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites on Vero cells

et al. 2002

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-Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii are cyst-forming coccidian parasites of human and veterinary clinical relevance. In vitro cultivation of the protozoans using Vero cells is usually performed in order to produce antigenic materials. Quantitative and qualitative comparisons of Vero cells grown in RPMI medium supplemented either with foetal calf serum (FCS), horse serum (HS) or a specific serum-free additive (DefCell) were performed. A serum-free cell culture system used to propagate N. caninum (NC-1 isolate) and T. gondii tachyzoites (Rh stain) were compared with the other two cell culture systems. FCS supplemented media was found to be more effective than the others in promoting Vero cells and N. caninum tachyzoites. However, it was found unable to support adequate T. gondii tachyzoite proliferation. Vero cells, T. gondii and N. caninum tachyzoite production gave similar growth patterns with either HS or DefCell supplemented media. Defcell was considered as a good alternative to supplement culture medium.Neospora caninum / Toxoplasma gondii / cell culture / serum-free medium Résumé -Utilisation d'un milieu sans sérum pour la production in vitro de tachyzoites de Neospora caninum et Toxoplasma gondii sur cellules Vero. Neospora caninum et Toxoplasma gondii sont deux sporozoaires présentant un intérêt en médecine humaine et vétérinaire. La culture in vitro utilisant, entre autres, les cellules Vero comme support de la multiplication des deux parasites, est généralement employée en vue de l'obtention de tachyzoïtes. Au cours de cette étude, une évaluation quantitative et 159 Vet. Res. 33 (2002) 159-168

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“…The diagnosis of N. caninum and T. gondii has been accomplished by various tests, including immunohistochemistry (IHC), the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), electron microscopy, serological tests, the enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), complement fixation, an indirect hemagglutination test, a latex hemagglutination test, the modified agglutination test, the indirect fluorescence antibody test, Sabin-Feldman Dye and Western blot (16,19,22,25,29,50).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Studies regarding T. gondii have been related mostly to sheep. Seropositivity of T. gondii was 7.4-25.2% in Australia (37), 25.3% in India (13), 22.9% in Ethiopia (6), 39% in Saudi Arabia (2) and 28.4% in Italy (31).…”

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confidence: 99%

Determination of Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii in aborted bovine foetuses by duplex PCR, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence methods

Özkaraca¹,

Irehan²,

Parmaksiz³

et al. 2017

Medycyna Weterynaryjna

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This study was aimed at determining the existence of Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii in aborted bovine foetuses. In this research, 102 bovine foetuses were examined by duplex PCR, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence to determine the presence of N. caninum and T. gondii. None of the aborted bovine foetuses were shown to have T. gondii, but N. caninum was detected in 26 foetuses (25.49%) by duplex PCR, in 18 (17.64%) by immunohistochemistry and in 8 (7.84%) by immunofluorescence. Moreover, 16 livers, 13 kidneys, 12 spleens, 8 thymuses and 5 brains of the 18 foetuses examined by immunohistochemistry showed immunopositivity. Positive staining was found in the spleen of eight foetuses by the immunofluorescence method. In this study, immunohistochemistry was shown to be superior to immunofluorescence in terms of diagnosis. Although immunofluorescence has the advantage of being the easiest to use in practice, it makes diagnosis more difficult because of its non-specific staining.

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The Host-Parasite Relationship in Neosporosis

Cited by 68 publications

References 193 publications

Experimental neosporosis in bulls: Parasite detection in semen and blood and specific antibody and interferon-gamma responses

Experimental neosporosis in bulls: Parasite detection in semen and blood and specific antibody and interferon-gamma responses

Use of a serum-free medium to produce in vitro Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites on Vero cells

Determination of Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii in aborted bovine foetuses by duplex PCR, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence methods

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