The host range of dermatophytes, it is at all possible? Phenotypic evaluation of the keratinolytic activity of <i>Trichophyton verrucosum</i> clinical isolates

Gnat, Sebastian; Łagowski, Dominik; Nowakiewicz, Aneta; Zięba, Przemysław

doi:10.1111/myc.12876

Cited by 29 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 64 publications

(217 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…A similar trend can be observed in human infections. Furthermore, dermatophyte species are associated with the type of species-specific host keratin with the highest sensitivity, which is the main reservoir of the pathogen (Table 2; Gnat et al 2019c). So far, the reason for the preferences of dermatophyte profiles to infect particular regions of the body in animals and humans has not been described.…”

Section: Incorrect Diagnosis and Differentiation Of Dermatophytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Major challenges and perspectives in the diagnostics and treatment of dermatophyte infections

2020

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Dermatophytes are the aetiological factors of a majority of superficial fungal infections. What distinguishes them from other pathogenic filamentous fungi is their unique ability to degrade keratin. The remarkable ability of this group of fungi to survive in different ecosystems results from their morphological and ecological diversity as well as high adaptability to changing environmental conditions. Paradoxically, despite the progress in medicine, the prevalence of dermatophyte infections is increasing from year to year. At the beginning of the third millennium, practical diagnostic and therapeutic options are still very limited. This review focuses on understanding the major problems in this aspect of dermatophyte infections and indicates future strategies and perspectives for novel approaches to identification and drugs for elimination of dermatophytes. Particular importance is placed on development of a strategy for a diagnostic pathway and implementation of rapid and reliable diagnostics methods designed by international teams. Furthermore, among compounds that currently arouse great interest, representatives of terpenoids, alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids and essential oils deserve attention. Many of these compounds are undergoing clinical trials as potential antifungal agents, and future research should focus on attempts at determination of the applicability of tested substances. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages in implementation of new diagnostic paths and medicinal substances for routine use are indicated. Journal of Applied Microbiology

show abstract

Section: Incorrect Diagnosis and Differentiation Of Dermatophytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Major challenges and perspectives in the diagnostics and treatment of dermatophyte infections

2020

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The host range of the dermatophytes was determined with the method described previously by Gnat et al [44].…”

Section: Determining the Host Range Of Isolatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population differentiation, antifungal susceptibility, and host range of Trichophyton mentagrophytes isolates causing recalcitrant infections in humans and animals

Gnat

Łagowski

Nowakiewicz

et al. 2020

Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The major problems in determining the causative factors of the high prevalence of dermatophytoses include the lack of a well-standardized antifungal susceptibility testing method, the low consistency of in vitro and clinical minimal inhibitory concentration values, the high genomic diversity of the population, and the unclear mechanism of pathogenicity. These factors are of particular importance when the disease is recalcitrant and relapses. Herein, we identified and characterized Trichophyton mentagrophytes isolates obtained from therapy-resistant cases in humans and animals. We used genomic diversity analysis of 17 human and 27 animal clinical isolates with the MP-PCR technique, determined their phenotypic enzymatic activity and host range, and performed antifungal susceptibility testing to currently available antifungal drugs from various chemical groups. Genomic diversity values of 35.3% and 33.3% were obtained for clinical isolates from humans and animals, respectively, yet without any relationship to the host species or antifungal drug to which resistance in therapy was revealed. The highest activity of keratinase enzymes was recorded for fox, guinea pig, and human hairs. These hosts can be considered as the main species in the host range of these isolates. A phenyl morpholine derivative, i.e. amorolfine, exhibited superior activity against strains obtained from both humans and animals with the lowest MIC50. Interestingly, high compliance of terbinafine in vitro resistance with clinical problems in the treatment with this substance was shown as well. The high resistance of dermatophytes to drugs is the main cause of the recalcitrance of the infection, whereas the other features of the fungus are less important.

show abstract

“…7 The high frequency of infection by dermatophytes is facilitated by the easy spread of the superficial fungal disease to other individuals. 8 Moreover, these fungi have been cultured from both individuals with clinical manifestations and asymptomatic animal carriers. 2,6 An active infection in animals is not common, yet animals can be dermatophyte carriers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2,6 An active infection in animals is not common, yet animals can be dermatophyte carriers. 6,8 This phenomenon poses diagnostic and therapeutic problems. Factors that can predispose animals to infection include stress, diet, poor environmental conditions (heat, humidity and overcrowding), transport, age and genetic predisposition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Factors that can predispose animals to infection include stress, diet, poor environmental conditions (heat, humidity and overcrowding), transport, age and genetic predisposition. 1,8 The weakening of the calves' resistance to infection associated with the stress of re-location may have caused the clinical infection. Here, the calves were vaccinated a few days after being brought to the farm.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Dermatophytosis with concurrent Trichophyton verrucosum and T. benhamiae in calves after long‐term transport

Łagowski

Gnat

Nowakiewicz

et al. 2020

Veterinary Dermatology

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Dermatophytosis is a common problem in cattle. The aetiological factors associated with this disease are filamentous fungi with the ability to digest and grow on keratinized substrates. In cattle, and less frequently in other domestic animals and people, the dermatophyte Trichophyton verrucosum is most commonly isolated from skin lesions. The dermatophyte Trichophyton benhamiae is an important zoonotic pathogen, and the main sources of transmission are guinea pigs and other small rodents. Objectives In this report, we show multispecies infection in calves (Bos taurus) after long‐term transport and vaccination against trichophytosis. Animals Sixty animals were imported of which 32 were observed to be affected with superficial infection nine to 12 days after vaccination for dermatophytosis. Methods and materials Diagnosis was made correlating the clinical signs with a micro‐ and macroscopic examination of cultured fungi. Molecular differentiation was used to confirm the species affiliation. Results Eight of the calves were infected with T. verrucosum alone, and 24 calves with both T. verrucosum and T. benhamiae. We suggest that the cause of this large outbreak was immunosuppression of the animals resulting from the stress of transport and administration of vaccine. Conclusion Both T. verrucosum and T. benhamiae can be seen concurrently in cattle.

show abstract

The host range of dermatophytes, it is at all possible? Phenotypic evaluation of the keratinolytic activity of Trichophyton verrucosum clinical isolates

Cited by 29 publications

References 64 publications

Major challenges and perspectives in the diagnostics and treatment of dermatophyte infections

Major challenges and perspectives in the diagnostics and treatment of dermatophyte infections

Population differentiation, antifungal susceptibility, and host range of Trichophyton mentagrophytes isolates causing recalcitrant infections in humans and animals

Dermatophytosis with concurrent Trichophyton verrucosum and T. benhamiae in calves after long‐term transport

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About