Heat shock proteins (HSPs) play important roles in the response to various stresses by being involved in cellular processes as molecular chaperones. Apple snails from the family Ampullariidae are large freshwater gastropods, while several species from the genus Pomacea have been introduced out of their native ranges and became invasive. The recent release of the genomes of four ampullariids (P. canaliculata, P. maculata, Lanistes nyassanus, and Marisa cornuarietis) has opened the opportunity for a comprehensive genome-wide analysis of the HSP superfamily. We identified that the number of HSP genes from P. canaliculata (PcaHSPs) was greater than that from the other three species. A total of 42 PcaHSPs were distributed on 12 chromosomes and were classified into the families of HSP90, HSP70, HSP60, HSP40, HSP20, and HSP10. The HSP70, HSP40 and HSP20 families have multiple members in the four species, but the other HSP families have one to three genes each. Each HSP family formed a monophyletic clade on the phylogenetic trees, except for the HSP40 family. We identified tandem duplication of paralogous genes in PcaHSP70 and PcaHSP20. The RNA-seq data show that the expression profiles of PcaHSPs in different tissues have similar patterns, except that several genes, mainly from PcaHSP20, revealed tissue-specific expression levels. Based on qPCR, we further identified that there were more HSP genes with stronger induction levels in response to hot stress than cold stress. Our findings will be helpful for future studies on stress response and adaptation focusing on HSPs in apple snails.