The Hudson Bay Lowland: major geologic features and assets

Martini, Ivan

doi:10.1007/978-94-017-1064-0_2

Cited by 8 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The Hudson Bay Lowland consists of a complex of coastal marshes, swamps, vast fens, and raised bogs (Martini and Glooschenko, 1985;Martini, 1989;Tamocai et al, 2000Tamocai et al, , 2002. Walter (1977) inferred that a 1.4 million km^ area of western Siberia, including raised peat bogs, hollows, and thousands of lakes, was joined into a single hydrological system during seasonal flooding of the Ob River (Fig.…”

Section: Comparison To Modern Vast Peatlandsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In modem, extensive peat-forming mires, humid climates are important for rapid growth of vegetation and peat formation (Kylcynski, 1949;Pearsall, 1950;Clymo, 1987). The extensive west Siberian peatlands (Semenova and Lapshina, 2001;Lapshina et al, 2001) and Hudson Bay Lowland (Zoltai and PoUett, 1983;Martini and Glooschenko, 1985;Martini, 1989) show north-south vegetational gradients related to climate and coastal proximity, as well as temporal changes in vegetation related to Holocene chmate changes. The thickest modern peats occur within the Intertropical Convergence Zone within 10° of the equator.…”

Section: Climatic Controlsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Hudson Bay Lowland peats (Fig. 17A) are developed on a vast, essentially flat, marine platform that has isostatically rebounded since the last glacial retreat (Martini and Glooschenko, 1985;Ziegler et al, 1987;Martini, 1989). In the Hudson Bay Lowland, slopes average 0.5m/km (Martini et al, 1980).…”

Section: Topographic and Hydrologic Controlsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Desmoinesian coal beds of the Eastern Interior and surrounding basins: The largest tropical peat mires in Earth history

Greb¹,

Andrews²,

Eble³

et al. 2003

Extreme Depositional Environments: Mega End Members in Geologic Time

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The Colchester, Springfield, and Herrin Coals of the Eastern Interior Basin are some of the most extensive coal beds in North America, if not the world. The Colchester covers an area of more than 100,000 km^, the Springfield covers 73,500-81,000 km^, and the Herrin spans 73,900 km^. Each has correlatives in the Western Interior Basin, such that their entire regional extent varies from 116,000 km^to 200,000 km^. Correlatives in the Appalachian Basin may indicate an even more widespread area of Desmoinesian peatland development, although possibly sUghtly younger in age. The Colchester Coal is thin, but the Springfield and Herrin Coals reach thicknesses in excess of 3 m.High ash yields, dominance of vitrinite macerals, and abundant lycopsids suggest that these Desmoinesian coals were deposited in topogenous (groundwater fed) to soligenous (mixed-water source) mires. The only modern mire complexes that are as widespread are northern-latitude raised-bog mires, but Desmoinesian Midcontinent paleomires were topogenous and accumulated within 10° of the paleo-equator.The extent and thickness of Desmoinesian paleomires resulted from the coincidence of prime peat-forming factors, including a seasonally wet paleoclimate; cyclothemic transgressions and base-level rise above extensive, low-relief cratonic areas floored by vast, impermeable paleosols; broad floodplains along large rivers with a groundwater table high enough to hydrologically link peatlands and keep them wet; low, relatively uniform rates of tectonic subsidence; and accumulation in a basin surrounded by low relief, which led to minimal sediment input.

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Section: Comparison To Modern Vast Peatlandsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Climatic Controlsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Desmoinesian coal beds of the Eastern Interior and surrounding basins: The largest tropical peat mires in Earth history

Greb¹,

Andrews²,

Eble³

et al. 2003

Extreme Depositional Environments: Mega End Members in Geologic Time

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show abstract

“…The Hudson Bay Lowlands (HBL) region includes a continuous belt of land with an elevation of less than 200 m (average slope of 0.5 m per km), surrounding the western side of Hudson and James Bays (Martini, 1989;Rouse, 1991). The area is mostly flat and very wet, with countless lakes and ponds, and is traversed by the southern boundaries of continuous and discontinuous permafrost (Gough and Leung, 2002), and the northern tree line (Rouse et al, 1997).…”

Section: Study Region and Site Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The region is underlain by Paleozoic and Mesozoic rocks, and covered with a Pleistocene mantle of thin till (Martini, 1989). In the immediate post-glacial period, this was overlain by thin marine and coastal sediments deposited by the Tyrrell Sea, and the subsequent development of up to 3-4 m of peat since the mid-Holocene (Martini, 2006).…”

Section: Study Region and Site Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%