2019
DOI: 10.1038/s41577-019-0143-6
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The human antibody response to influenza A virus infection and vaccination

Abstract: The adaptive immune response to influenza virus infection is multifaceted and complex, involving antibody and cellular responses at both systemic and mucosal levels. Immune responses to natural infection with influenza virus in humans are relatively broad and long-lived, but influenza viruses can escape from these responses over time owing to their high mutation rates and antigenic flexibility. Vaccines are the best available countermeasure against infection, but vaccine effectiveness is low compared with othe… Show more

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Cited by 579 publications
(601 citation statements)
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“…As immunisation with cGAMP-VLPs induced high titres of neutralising antibodies, we 258 explored whether they could confer protection following a live virus challenge. Protection 259 against IAV infection correlates with serum antibody responses against the surface 260 glycoprotein, haemagglutinin (HA) (Krammer, 2019). We therefore produced cGAMP-VLPs 261…”
Section: Incorporation Of Cgamp Into Vlps Increases the Cd4 Tfh Cellmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…As immunisation with cGAMP-VLPs induced high titres of neutralising antibodies, we 258 explored whether they could confer protection following a live virus challenge. Protection 259 against IAV infection correlates with serum antibody responses against the surface 260 glycoprotein, haemagglutinin (HA) (Krammer, 2019). We therefore produced cGAMP-VLPs 261…”
Section: Incorporation Of Cgamp Into Vlps Increases the Cd4 Tfh Cellmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Infection of humans with influenza elicits potent neutralizing antibodies targeting the viral hemagglutinin (HA) protein. These antibodies provide long-lasting immunity against the viral strain that elicited them (Couch, 1975;Davies et al, 1982;Couch and Kasel, 1983;Yu et al, 2008;Krammer, 2019). Unfortunately, the effectiveness of this immunity against future strains is rapidly degraded by viral antigenic evolution (Bedford et al, 2014;Smith et al, 2004), such that the typical human is infected by influenza virus roughly every five years (Couch and Kasel, 1983;Kucharski et al, 2015;Ranjeva et al, 2019).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…14 In contrast to HI antibodies, which lead to narrow, strain specific protection, these potential new "correlates of protection" are often based on conserved viral epitopes that are also targeted by next-generation influenza virus vaccines. 15,16 New immunological assays and novel correlates of protection will be needed to assess immunogenicity and protective efficacy of the next generation of influenza vaccines, including broadly protective universal influenza virus vaccine candidates. This was the central theme of the "Immunological Assays and Correlates of Protection for Next-Generation Influenza Vaccines" meeting, orga-…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%