The human basal forebrain. Part II

Heimer, Lennart; Olmos, J.S. de; Alheid, George F.; Pearson, John; Sakamoto, Noboru; Shinoda, Koh; Marksteiner, Josef; Switzer, Robert C.

doi:10.1016/s0924-8196(99)80024-4

Cited by 102 publications

(109 citation statements)

References 320 publications

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“…4D). The dorsal and medial locations of this effect are in line with the described anatomical position of the CeM in humans (37). A trend-like positive correlation between activity in the identified amygdala peak effect voxel and SCRs to the CS+ in context A fit its presumed role in CR generation [R = 0.48, P = 0.06; two-tailed; after exclusion of one outlier (more than 2 SD < mean): R = 0.59, P = 0.02] (Fig.…”

Section: Significancesupporting

confidence: 81%

Single dose of l -dopa makes extinction memories context-independent and prevents the return of fear

Haaker

Gaburro

Sah

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

146

164

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Traumatic events can engender persistent excessive fear responses to trauma reminders that may return even after successful treatment. Extinction, the laboratory analog of behavior therapy, does not erase conditioned fear memories but generates competing, fearinhibitory "extinction memories" that, however, are tied to the context in which extinction occurred. Accordingly, a dominance of fear over extinction memory expression-and, thus, return of fear-is often observed if extinguished fear stimuli are encountered outside the extinction (therapy) context. We show that postextinction administration of the dopamine precursor L-dopa makes extinction memories context-independent, thus strongly reducing the return of fear in both mice and humans. Reduced fear is accompanied by decreased amygdala and enhanced ventromedial prefrontal cortex activation in both species. In humans, ventromedial prefrontal cortex activity is predicted by enhanced resting-state functional coupling of the area with the dopaminergic midbrain during the postextinction consolidation phase. Our data suggest that dopamine-dependent boosting of extinction memory consolidation is a promising avenue to improving anxiety therapy.fear conditioning | psychotherapy | reinstatement | renewal | resilience

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Section: Significancesupporting

confidence: 81%

Single dose of l -dopa makes extinction memories context-independent and prevents the return of fear

Haaker

Gaburro

Sah

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

146

164

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“…This entire region has been a focus for the study of reinforcement and the transition between drug use for a reward and as a habit (Bowman et al, 1996;Drevets et al, 2001;Jensen et al, 2003;Kalivas et al, 2005;Lyons et al, 1996;Parkinson et al, 2000;Schultz et al, 1992;Taha and Fields, 2006). In human and nonhuman primates, the VS includes the NAcc and the broad continuity between the caudate nucleus and the putamen ventral to the rostral internal capsule, the olfactory tubercle, and the rostrolateral portion of the anterior perforated space adjacent to the lateral olfactory tract (Haber and McFarland, 1999;Heimer et al, 1999). Importantly, however, neither cytoarchitectonic nor histochemistry distinctions mark a clear boundary between the VS and the dorsal striatum, which poses a problem for defining locations of activation in imaging and animal studies.…”

Section: Reward Processing In the Human Prefrontal Cortexmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Reward Circuit: Linking Primate Anatomy and Human Imaging

Haber

Knutson

2009

Neuropsychopharmacol

3,175

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2,859

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Although cells in many brain regions respond to reward, the cortical-basal ganglia circuit is at the heart of the reward system. The key structures in this network are the anterior cingulate cortex, the orbital prefrontal cortex, the ventral striatum, the ventral pallidum, and the midbrain dopamine neurons. In addition, other structures, including the dorsal prefrontal cortex, amygdala, hippocampus, thalamus, and lateral habenular nucleus, and specific brainstem structures such as the pedunculopontine nucleus, and the raphe nucleus, are key components in regulating the reward circuit. Connectivity between these areas forms a complex neural network that mediates different aspects of reward processing. Advances in neuroimaging techniques allow better spatial and temporal resolution. These studies now demonstrate that human functional and structural imaging results map increasingly close to primate anatomy.

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Section: Nih-pa Author Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More recently, it has been conceptualized as the caudal pole of a larger macrostructure known as the 'central extended amygdala,' based on histochemical, cytoar-chitectural, and connectional features (Heimer et al, 1999;DeOlmos, 1990;Martin et al, 1991). In this concept, the central extended amygdala includes the central amygdaloid nucleus, lateral bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, and the sublenticular extended amygdala (SLEA).…”

Section: Subregions Of the Amygdala Central Extended Amygdala And Hmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, the central amygdaloid nucleus receives strong inputs from the BLNG, and mediates motoric and autonomic responses to conditioned and unconditioned emotional stimuli through outputs to the brainstem and hypothalamus (Parkinson et al, 2000;Aggleton, 1985;Fudge and Haber, 2000;Gallagher et al, 1990;Holland and Gallagher, 1993;Killcross et al, 1997;Price and Amaral, 1981). The central nucleus has recently been considered part of a larger macrostructure known as the 'central extended amygdala,' which includes the central nucleus, the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, and the cellular islands that bridge the two structures (Alheid and Heimer, 1988;deOlmos and Ingram, 1972;Heimer et al, 1999).The hippocampus is also composed of several subregions, and mediates the storage and retrieval of contextual information associated with past emotional events (Mishkin, 1982;Squire, 1986). Complex sensory association inputs from the entorhinal cortex and the amygdala enter the hippocampus at the dentate gyrus and CA3, and are sequentially processed through CA3, CA2, and CA1 (Aggleton, 1986;Amaral and Cowan, 1980;Saunders et al, 1988;Witter and Amaral, 1991;Witter et al, 1989).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Bcl-2 immunoreactive neurons are differentially distributed in subregions of the amygdala and hippocampus of the adult macaque

Fudge

2004

Neuroscience

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The amygdala and hippocampus are key limbic structures of the temporal lobe, and are implicated in the pathology of mood disorders. Bcl-2, an intracellular protein, has recently been identified in the primate amygdala and hippocampus, and is now recognized as an intracellular target of mood stabilizing drugs. However, there are few data on the cellular phenotypes of bcl-2-expressing cells, or their distribution in specific subregions of the amygdala and hippocampus. We used a number of histochemical markers to define specific subregions of the primate amygdala and hippocampus, and examined phenotype-specific distributions of bcl-2 immunore-active cells within each subregion. Immature-appearing bcl-2 labeled neurons, which co-contain class III β-tubulin immuno-reactivity, are found in distinct subregions in each structure. In the amygdala, bcl-2 positive neurons with an immature morphology are densely distributed in the paralaminar nucleus and intercalated cell islands, the parvicellular basal nucleus, and the ventral periamygdaloid cortex and amygdalohippocampal area. In the hippocampus, immature-appearing bcl-2-labeled cells are confined to the polymorph layer (subgranular zone), and base of the granule cell layer in the dentate gyrus. Well-differentiated neurons also express bcl-2. In the amygdala, labeled cells with mature phenotypes are concentrated in the parvicellular basal nucleus, the accessory basal nucleus, and the periamygdaloid cortex. The medial nucleus and central extended amygdala also contain many well-differentiated bcl-2 positive cells. In the hippocampus, the dentate gyrus and Ammon's horn contain many bcl-2 immunoreactive nonpyramidal cells. These are preferentially distributed in the rostral hippocampus. CA3 and CA2 contain relatively higher concentrations of bcl-2-labeled cells than CA1 and the subiculum. Bcl-2 is thus important in intrinsic circuitry of the hippocampus, and in amygdaloid subregions modulated by the hippocampus. In addition, the extended amygdala, a key amygdaloid output, is richly endowed with bcl-2 positive cells. This distribution suggests a role for bcl-2 in circuits mediating emotional learning and memory which may be targets of mood stabilizing drugs.Keywords paralaminar nucleus; intercalated islands; dentate gyrus; class III β-tubulin; extended amygdala; mood disorderThe amygdala is involved in higher emotional processing (Ledoux, 1992;Meunier et al., 1999;Nishijo et al., 1988;Parkinson et al., 2001), and is modulated by the hippocampus which conveys sensory information associated with past emotional experiences (Mishkin, 1982; *Correspondence to: J. L. Fudge, Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA. Tel: +1-585-273-2028; fax: +1-585-756-5334. E-mail address: julie_fudge@urmc.rochester.edu (J. L. Fudge). NIH Public Access Author ManuscriptNeuroscience. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2008 June 21. Published in final edited form as:Neuroscience. 2004 ; 127(2): 539-556. NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Aut...

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The human basal forebrain. Part II

Cited by 102 publications

References 320 publications

Single dose of l -dopa makes extinction memories context-independent and prevents the return of fear

Single dose of l -dopa makes extinction memories context-independent and prevents the return of fear

The Reward Circuit: Linking Primate Anatomy and Human Imaging

Bcl-2 immunoreactive neurons are differentially distributed in subregions of the amygdala and hippocampus of the adult macaque

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