The Human Microbiota in Endocrinology: Implications for Pathophysiology, Treatment, and Prognosis in Thyroid Diseases

Docimo, Giovanni; Cangiano, Angelo; Romano, Roberto Maria; Pignatelli, Marcello Filograna; Offi, Chiara; Paglionico, Vanda Amoresano; Galdiero, Marilena; Donnarumma, Giovanna; Nigro, Vincenzo; Espósito, Daniela; Rotondi, Mario; Candela, Giancarlo; Pasquali, Daniela

doi:10.3389/fendo.2020.586529

Cited by 40 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 78 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Microbiota composition is critically influenced by genetic and environmental factors, such as diet, alcohol consumption, or certain drugs. These factors lead to quantitative and qualitative alterations that significantly impact the metabolic activity of the bacterial community and are involved in the pathogenesis of multiple diseases (11)(12)(13). In particular, dysbiosis and the alteration of the intestinal barrier are strongly associated with inflammation and metabolic disorders (14).…”

Section: Gut Microbiota As a Key Regulator Of The Metabolic Profilementioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of the Gut-Liver Axis in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease

Martín-Mateos

Albillos

2021

Front. Immunol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The complex interplay between the gut microbiota, the intestinal barrier, the immune system and the liver is strongly influenced by environmental and genetic factors that can disrupt the homeostasis leading to disease. Among the modulable factors, diet has been identified as a key regulator of microbiota composition in patients with metabolic syndrome and related diseases, including the metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). The altered microbiota disrupts the intestinal barrier at different levels inducing functional and structural changes at the mucus lining, the intercellular junctions on the epithelial layer, or at the recently characterized vascular barrier. Barrier disruption leads to an increased gut permeability to bacteria and derived products which challenge the immune system and promote inflammation. All these alterations contribute to the pathogenesis of MAFLD, and thus, therapeutic approaches targeting the gut-liver-axis are increasingly being explored. In addition, the specific changes induced in the intestinal flora may allow to characterize distinctive microbial signatures for non-invasive diagnosis, severity stratification and disease monitoring.

show abstract

Section: Gut Microbiota As a Key Regulator Of The Metabolic Profilementioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of the Gut-Liver Axis in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease

Martín-Mateos

Albillos

2021

Front. Immunol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Finally, in addition to the known mechanisms of regulation involving the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis widely presented in this review, recent studies indicate that the intestine has an important role in the control of thyroid function, forming the Thyroid–Gut-Axis. According to this proposal, the intestinal microbiota affects mechanisms related to the absorption of iodide, conversion of T4 to T3, and also participates in the modulation of the immune system ( 11 , 101 ). This is corroborated by studies where gut microbiota dysbiosis was correlated to Hashimoto’s thyroiditis ( 102 – 104 ), Graves’ disease ( 104 ), thyroid cancer and thyroid nodules ( 105 ).…”

Section: Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Could Glyphosate and Glyphosate-Based Herbicides Be Associated With Increased Thyroid Diseases Worldwide?

Romano

Oliveira

et al. 2021

Front. Endocrinol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The increased incidence of thyroid diseases raises a series of questions about what the main predisposing factors are nowadays. If dietary restriction of iodine was once a major global health concern, today, the processes of industrialization of food and high exposure to a wide variety of environmental chemicals may be affecting, directly or indirectly, thyroid function. The homeostasis of hypothalamus–pituitary–thyroid (HPT) axis is finely regulated through the negative feedback mechanism exerted by thyroid hormones. Allostatic mechanisms are triggered to adjust the physiology of HPT axis in chronic conditions. Glyphosate and glyphosate-based herbicides are pesticides with controversial endocrine disrupting activities and only few studies have approached their effects on HPT axis and thyroid function. However, glyphosate has an electrophilic and nucleophilic zwitterion chemical structure that may affect the mechanisms involved in iodide oxidation and organification, as well as the oxidative phosphorylation in the ATP synthesis. Thus, in this review, we aimed to: (1) discuss the critical points in the regulation of HPT axis and thyroid hormones levels balance, which may be susceptible to the toxic action of glyphosate and glyphosate-based herbicides, correlating the molecular mechanisms involved in glyphosate toxicity described in the literature that may, directly or indirectly, be associated to the higher incidence of thyroid diseases; and (2) present the literature regarding glyphosate toxicity in HPT axis.

show abstract

“…Evidence is accumulating that the gut microbiota plays an important role in thyroid disorders such as Hashimoto’s thyroiditis ( Fröhlich and Wahl, 2019 ), thyroid carcinoma ( Zhao et al., 2018 ), Graves’ disease ( Feng et al., 2018 ), and primary hypothyroidism ( Su et al., 2020 ). Thyroid homeostasis may be regulated by the effects of the gut microbiota on the immune system ( Knezevic et al., 2020 ) and the metabolism of micronutrients such as minerals ( Docimo et al., 2020 ; Samimi and Haghpanah, 2020 ). The importance of the gut microbiome on human health has been evident for more than a decade, however, our understanding of its role in thyroid functions and common conditions such as thyroid nodules are still very limited.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut Microbiome Alterations in Patients With Thyroid Nodules

Gao

et al. 2021

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Thyroid nodules are found in nearly half of the adult population. Accumulating evidence suggests that the gut microbiota plays an important role in thyroid metabolism, yet the association between gut microbiota capacity, thyroid nodules, and thyroid function has not been studied comprehensively. We performed a gut microbiome genome-wide association study in 196 patients with thyroid nodules and 283 controls by using whole-genome shotgun sequencing. We found that participants with high-grade thyroid nodules have decreased number of gut microbial species and gene families compared with those with lower grade nodules and controls. There are also significant alterations in the overall microbial composition in participants with high-grade thyroid nodules. The gut microbiome in participants with high-grade thyroid nodules is characterized by greater amino acid degradation and lower butyrate production. The relative abundances of multiple butyrate producing microbes are reduced in patients with high-grade thyroid nodules and the relative abundances of L-histidine metabolism pathways are associated with thyrotropin-releasing hormone. Our study describes the gut microbiome characteristics in thyroid nodules and a gut-thyroid link and highlight specific gut microbiota as a potential therapeutic target to regulate thyroid metabolism.

show abstract

The Human Microbiota in Endocrinology: Implications for Pathophysiology, Treatment, and Prognosis in Thyroid Diseases

Cited by 40 publications

References 78 publications

The Role of the Gut-Liver Axis in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease

The Role of the Gut-Liver Axis in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease

Could Glyphosate and Glyphosate-Based Herbicides Be Associated With Increased Thyroid Diseases Worldwide?

Gut Microbiome Alterations in Patients With Thyroid Nodules

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About