The human Papillomavirus twilight zone – Latency, immune control and subclinical infection

Doorbar, John

doi:10.1016/j.tvr.2023.200268

Cited by 15 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 51 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Risk factors for the onset of RRP continue to be poorly understood 57 . Chronic HPV infection and disease development can be conceptualized as an imbalance between viral gene expression levels and host immune surveillance and control 58 . Recent reviews of immunology in RRP have posited that the chronic laryngeal HPV infections that lead to RRP are due to local immune suppression by the virus, rather than systemic host‐level factors 59,60 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…57 Chronic HPV infection and disease development can be conceptualized as an imbalance between viral gene expression levels and host immune surveillance and control. 58 Recent reviews of immunology in RRP have posited that the chronic laryngeal HPV infections that lead to RRP are due to local immune suppression by the virus, rather than systemic host-level factors. 59,60 Supportive of this hypothesis, RRP patients are not at increased risk of other infections, including infection with high-risk HPV.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The Larynx is Protected from Secondary and Vertical Papillomavirus Infection in Immunocompetent Mice

King,

Rademacher,

Ward‐Shaw

et al. 2023

The Laryngoscope

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ObjectiveMouse papillomavirus MmuPV1 causes both primary and secondary infections of the larynx in immunocompromised mice. Understanding lateral and vertical transmission of papillomavirus to the larynx would benefit patients with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP). To test the hypothesis that the larynx is uniquely vulnerable to papillomavirus infection, and to further develop a mouse model of RRP, we assessed whether immunocompetent mice were vulnerable to secondary or vertical laryngeal infection with MmuPV1.MethodsLarynges were collected from 405 immunocompetent adult mice that were infected with MmuPV1 in the oropharynx, oral cavity, or anus, and 31 mouse pups born to immunocompetent females infected in the cervicovaginal tract. Larynges were analyzed via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of lavage fluid or whole tissues for viral DNA, histopathology, and/or in situ hybridization for MmuPV1 transcripts.ResultsDespite some positive laryngeal lavage PCR screens, all laryngeal tissue PCR and histopathology results were negative for MmuPV1 DNA, transcripts, and disease. There was no evidence for lateral spread of MmuPV1 to the larynges of immunocompetent mice that were infected in the oral cavity, oropharynx, or anus. Pups born to infected mothers were negative for laryngeal MmuPV1 infection from birth through weaning age.ConclusionSecondary and vertical laryngeal MmuPV1 infections were not found in immunocompetent mice. Further work is necessary to explore immunologic control of laryngeal papillomavirus infection in a mouse model and to improve preclinical models of RRP.Level of EvidenceN/a Laryngoscope, 2023

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Larynx is Protected from Secondary and Vertical Papillomavirus Infection in Immunocompetent Mice

King,

Rademacher,

Ward‐Shaw

et al. 2023

The Laryngoscope

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, the viral genome remains intact and can reactivate without reinfection, persisting indefinitely within the host. This latent stage is typical of all herpes viruses and many oncoviruses, including HIV, HPV, HBV, and Hepatitis C virus (HCV) [ 150 , 151 , 152 , 153 ]. The latency allows viruses to evade not only the immune system’s antiviral effects but also the protective mechanisms against cellular and tissue stress in infected tissues.…”

Section: Low-grade Inflammation In Long Covid and Other Viral Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Pathophysiology of Long COVID: The Central Role of Low-Grade Inflammation and Multisystem Involvement

Gusev,

Sarapultsev

2024

IJMS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Long COVID (LC), also referred to as Post COVID-19 Condition, Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection (PASC), and other terms, represents a complex multisystem disease persisting after the acute phase of COVID-19. Characterized by a myriad of symptoms across different organ systems, LC presents significant diagnostic and management challenges. Central to the disorder is the role of low-grade inflammation, a non-classical inflammatory response that contributes to the chronicity and diversity of symptoms observed. This review explores the pathophysiological underpinnings of LC, emphasizing the importance of low-grade inflammation as a core component. By delineating the pathogenetic relationships and clinical manifestations of LC, this article highlights the necessity for an integrated approach that employs both personalized medicine and standardized protocols aimed at mitigating long-term consequences. The insights gained not only enhance our understanding of LC but also inform the development of therapeutic strategies that could be applicable to other chronic conditions with similar pathophysiological features.

show abstract

“…15,54 Studies aimed at identifying the factors that contribute to the establishment of longterm, persistent HPV infections have only recently been initiated. [54][55][56][57] The immune status of the host plays an important role, as evidenced by the increased incidence of high-risk HPV-associated cervical and anal cancers in HIV-positive individuals 58 and the emergence of beta HPV-associated cSCCs in immunosuppressed organ transplant patients. 59 The E2, E5, E6, and E7 proteins have each been implicated in blinding the host's innate and/or adaptive immune system.…”

Section: Persistent Infections-a Question Of Target Cells Cell Compet...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are currently 12 mucosal alpha HPVs (types 16,18,31,33,35,39,45,51,52,56,58,59) that have been designated "carcinogenic to humans" by the World Health Organization/International Agency for Research on Cancer (WHO/IARC) as of 2012 with several other HPVs listed as "probably" or "possibly" carcinogenic. 112 Seven of the 12 carcinogenic HPVs (types 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52, and 58) are included in the current 9-valent prophylactic HPV vaccine.…”

Section: Are There Additional High-risk Hpvs?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Human papillomaviruses: Knowns, mysteries, and unchartered territories

Gelbard,

Munger

2023

Journal of Medical Virology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

There has been an explosion in the number of papillomaviruses that have been identified and fully sequenced. Yet only a minute fraction of these has been studied in any detail. Most of our molecular research efforts have focused on the E6 and E7 proteins of “high‐risk,” cancer‐associated human papillomaviruses (HPVs). Interactions of the high‐risk HPV E6 and E7 proteins with their respective cellular targets, the p53 and the retinoblastoma tumor suppressors, have been investigated in minute detail. Some have thus questioned if research on papillomaviruses remains an exciting and worthwhile area of investigation. However, fundamentally new insights on the biological activities and cellular targets of the high‐risk HPV E6 and E7 proteins have been discovered and previously unstudied HPVs have been newly associated with human diseases. HPV infections continue to be an important cause of human morbidity and mortality and since there are no antivirals to combat HPV infections, research on HPVs should remain attractive to new investigators and biomedical funding agencies, alike.

show abstract

The human Papillomavirus twilight zone – Latency, immune control and subclinical infection

Cited by 15 publications

References 51 publications

The Larynx is Protected from Secondary and Vertical Papillomavirus Infection in Immunocompetent Mice

The Larynx is Protected from Secondary and Vertical Papillomavirus Infection in Immunocompetent Mice

Exploring the Pathophysiology of Long COVID: The Central Role of Low-Grade Inflammation and Multisystem Involvement

Human papillomaviruses: Knowns, mysteries, and unchartered territories

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About