The human pregnancy-specific glycoprotein genes are tightly linked on the long arm of chromosome 19 and are coordinately expressed

Thompson, John A.; Koumari, Rosa; Wagner, Klaus; Barnert, Sabine; Schleussner, Cathrin; Schrewe, Heinrich; Zimmermann, Wolfgang; Müller, Gaby; Schempp, Werner; Zaninetta, Daniela; Ammaturo, Domenico; Hardman, Norman

doi:10.1016/0006-291x(90)92103-7

Cited by 54 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The analysis identified potential functional modules. One was identified in the literature as a module expressed during pregnancy (Thompson et al 1990), further confirming the reliability of the data set. We also identified a set of coexpressed genes that may form a novel functional module.…”

supporting

confidence: 65%

“…Table 2 shows the 10 genes with expression patterns most similar to pregnancy specific ␤-1-glycoprotein. The pregnancy-specific glycoproteins are a group of proteins that are found in large amounts in placenta (Thompson et al 1990). They are all located on chromosome 19 and share common transcriptional regulatory elements (Thompson et al 1990).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identification and Confirmation of a Module of Coexpressed Genes

Thompson

Harris²,

Wold³

et al. 2002

Genome Res.

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We synthesize a large gene expression data set using dbEST and UniGene. We use guilt-by-association (GBA) to analyze this data set and identify coexpressed genes. One module, or group of genes, was found to be coexpressed mainly in tissue extracted from breast and ovarian cancers, but also found in tissue from lung cancers, brain cancers, and bone marrow. This module contains at least six members that are believed to be involved in either transcritional regulation (PDEF, H2AFO, NUCKS) or the ubiquitin proteasome pathway (PSMD7, SQSTM1, FLJ10111). We confirm these observations of coexpression by real-time RT–PCR analysis of mRNA extracted from four model breast epithelial cell lines

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supporting

confidence: 65%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and Confirmation of a Module of Coexpressed Genes

Thompson

Harris²,

Wold³

et al. 2002

Genome Res.

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“…The PSG family belongs to the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) family, which also includes the CEA-related adhesion molecules (CEACAMs), and is part of the immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily (Brummendorf & Rathjen 1994). There are eleven members of the PSG family in humans that are encoded by genes clustered on chromosome 19q13.2, and seventeen mouse genes (Psg16-32) located on chromosome 7 (Thompson et al 1990, Teglund et al 1994, McLellan et al 2005a. PSG proteins have a similar domain structure to the CEACAMs, but the majority lack a membrane anchor and are secreted (Teglund et al 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mouse pregnancy-specific glycoproteins: tissue-specific expression and evidence of association with maternal vasculature

Wynne

Ball²,

McLellan³

et al. 2006

Reproduction

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The pregnancy-specific glycoproteins (Psg) are secreted hormones encoded by multiple genes in rodents and primates, and are thought to act as immune modulators. The only Psg receptor identified is CD9, through which Psg17 induces cytokine production from macrophages cultured in vitro. We examined temporal and spatial aspects of Psg and CD9 expression during mouse pregnancy to determine whether their expression patterns support a role in immune modulation. Using in situ hybridisation, immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR we found Psg expression in trophoblast giant cells and in the spongiotrophoblast. Psg22 is the predominant Psg family member expressed in giant cells. Detectable Psg is associated predominantly with endothelial cells lining vascular channels in the decidua, rather than with maternal immune cell markers. CD9 expression exhibited partial overlap with Psg, but without exclusive co-localisation. CD9 was observed in decidual cells surrounding early implantation sites, and in the endometrium. However, embryo transfer of wild-type embryos to CD9-deficient females indicates that maternal CD9 is not essential for successful pregnancy.

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“…On the other hand, single PSGs may have specialized functions. Although the PSG genes of mice, rats, and humans seem in general to be coordinately expressed in placenta (Kodelja et al 1989;Thompson et al 1990), individual members, like the Cea-4-1ike gene, might function only at a certain time during development. In this context it is interesting to note that Cea-4 so far is the only rodent PSG member that lacks the RGD-related motif.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of murine carcinoembryonic antigen gene family members

et al. 1992

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Abstract. The carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is a human tumor marker whose gene belongs to a family with more than 20 members. This gene family codes for a group of proteins with in vitro cell adhesion properties and for a group of abundantly expressed pregnancy-specific glycoproteins (PSG) with unknown functions. As a basis for in vivo functional studies, we have started to analyze the murine CEA gene family and have identified five new members (Cea-2 to Cea-6). eDNA clones were isolated for Cea-2, Cea-3, and Cea-6. The deduced amino acid sequences of Cea-2 and Cea-6 indicate three IgV-like (N), followed by one IgC-like (A) domain (N1-N2-N3-A). We have also partially characterized the Cea-2 gene and two additional ones, Cea-4 and Cea-5. Cea-2 and Cea-4 are separated by only 16 kb, suggesting a close linkage of murine CEA-related genes, as found for the human CEA gene family. Cea-5 was located to the proximal region of mouse Chromosome (Chr) 7, which is syntenic to part of human Chr 19, containing the human CEA gene family cluster. Cea-2, Cea-3, and a Cea-4-1ike gene are differentially transcribed in the placenta during pregnancy, but not in other organs tested. This expression pattern strongly suggests that they represent counterparts of the human PSG subgroup members, despite the presence of multiple IgV-like domains, a feature not found for human PSGs. The more distantly related Cea-5 seems to be ubiquitously expressed. The putative promoter region of Cea-2 lacks typical TATA-or CAAT-boxes, but contains other conserved motifs that could play a role in the initiation of transcription.

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The human pregnancy-specific glycoprotein genes are tightly linked on the long arm of chromosome 19 and are coordinately expressed

Cited by 54 publications

References 30 publications

Identification and Confirmation of a Module of Coexpressed Genes

Identification and Confirmation of a Module of Coexpressed Genes

Mouse pregnancy-specific glycoproteins: tissue-specific expression and evidence of association with maternal vasculature

Characterization of murine carcinoembryonic antigen gene family members

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