The Human Skeletal Muscle Proteome Project: a reappraisal of the current literature

Abstract

Skeletal muscle is a large organ that accounts for up to half the total mass of the human body. A progressive decline in muscle mass and strength occurs with ageing and in some individuals configures the syndrome of ‘sarcopenia’, a condition that impairs mobility, challenges autonomy, and is a risk factor for mortality. The mechanisms leading to sarcopenia as well as myopathies are still little understood. The Human Skeletal Muscle Proteome Project was initiated with the aim to characterize muscle proteins and how they change with ageing and disease. We conducted an extensive review of the literature and analysed publically available protein databases. A systematic search of peer‐reviewed studies was performed using PubMed. Search terms included ‘human’, ‘skeletal muscle’, ‘proteome’, ‘proteomic(s)’, and ‘mass spectrometry’, ‘liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS)’. A catalogue of 5431 non‐redundant muscle proteins identified by mass spectrometry‐based proteomics from 38 peer‐reviewed scientific publications from 2002 to November 2015 was created. We also developed a nosology system for the classification of muscle proteins based on localization and function. Such inventory of proteins should serve as a useful background reference for future research on changes in muscle proteome assessed by quantitative mass spectrometry‐based proteomic approaches that occur with ageing and diseases. This classification and compilation of the human skeletal muscle proteome can be used for the identification and quantification of proteins in skeletal muscle to discover new mechanisms for sarcopenia and specific muscle diseases that can be targeted for the prevention and treatment.

Muscle wasting and sarcopenia in heart failure: a brief overview of the current literature

“…This is also true for sarcopenia in healthy ageing. 31,32 It has been established that patients with HF and sarcopenia have impaired endothelium function with lower vasodilation having a negative impact of exercise capacity, which is particularly prevalent in sarcopenic patients. On the other hand, decreased exercise capacity and decreased physical activity act hand in hand in aggravating skeletal muscle loss, in itself accelerated by an imbalance in protein senescence and degradation.…”

“…30 The human skeletal muscle proteome project is currently underway to characterize muscle proteins and the way they change during ageing and disease. 31,32 It has been established that patients with HF and sarcopenia have impaired endothelium function with lower vasodilation having a negative impact of exercise capacity, which is particularly prevalent in sarcopenic patients. 33 Anorexia is likewise very prevalent in patients with HF as assessed using a 6-point Likert scale.…”

Contemporary publication patterns in the Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle by type and sub‐speciality: facts and numbers

“…Detailed pathophysiology was the subject of many reports into what happens in specific cachexia syndromes [50][51][52][53][54][55][56] and in other non-cancer-related cachexia and sarcopenia syndromes. [57][58][59][60][61][62][63] As befits a series of fields that are relatively new and not the main speciality of many practitioners, there was a large number of informative review articles, [64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71] as well as the emergence of reports on patient groups, commentaries, and political campaigns. 72…”

Fibromodulin and regulation of the intricate balance between myoblast differentiation to myocytes or adipocyte‐like cells

“…Skeletal muscle accounts for nearly half of body mass and represents the largest protein reservoir in the human body (1, 2). Because muscle is endowed with the features of contractility and extensibility (3), excessive loss in different myopathies reflects its ability to deal with increasing incidences of diseases.…”