2009
DOI: 10.1007/s12565-009-0043-0
|View full text |Cite
|
Sign up to set email alerts
|

The human superior tarsal muscle (Müller’s muscle): a morphological classification with surgical correlations

Abstract: The superior tarsal muscle (STM) is a smooth muscle that originates from the undersurface of the levator palpebrae superioris muscle (LPSM) and inserts onto the superior tarsal plate (STP) of the upper eyelid. We have performed a morphometrical investigation of the STM in 49 adult human cadavers (34 males, 15 females). Histological analysis has shown a transitional area between the skeletal striated muscle (LPSM) and the adjacent smooth muscle (STM). We propose an original morphological classification based up… Show more

Help me understand this report

Search citation statements

Order By: Relevance

Paper Sections

Select...
2
1
1
1

Citation Types

1
8
0
1

Year Published

2020
2020
2023
2023

Publication Types

Select...
7
1

Relationship

0
8

Authors

Journals

citations
Cited by 13 publications
(10 citation statements)
references
References 32 publications
1
8
0
1
Order By: Relevance
“…In a multicentre placebo controlled clinical trial, a significant improvement in eyelid retraction was apparent in the selenium supplementation group for mild GO patients [5]; however, it is not yet clear how selenium affects this GO phenotype. Müller's muscle is a smooth muscle adjoining the levator palpebrae muscle that helps elevate the upper eyelid; this muscle is controlled by the sympathetic nervous system [30]. In GO patients, eyelid retraction can occur because of hyperactivity of the superior tarsal muscle due to overactivity of the sympathetic nervous system [31,32].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In a multicentre placebo controlled clinical trial, a significant improvement in eyelid retraction was apparent in the selenium supplementation group for mild GO patients [5]; however, it is not yet clear how selenium affects this GO phenotype. Müller's muscle is a smooth muscle adjoining the levator palpebrae muscle that helps elevate the upper eyelid; this muscle is controlled by the sympathetic nervous system [30]. In GO patients, eyelid retraction can occur because of hyperactivity of the superior tarsal muscle due to overactivity of the sympathetic nervous system [31,32].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Interestingly, there is also an accessory muscle that contributes to the upper-eyelid elevation called the superior tarsal muscle (STM), also known as Müller’s muscle [ 31 , 32 ]. The STM is a smooth muscle innervated by the sympathetic fibers of the superior division of the oculomotor nerve.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In the superior eyelid, the tendon of the levator palpebrae superioris passes through this muscle before inserting into the underside of the skin [195]. The levator palpebrae superioris joins to the superior tarsus by a smooth muscle called the superior tarsal muscle [Müller's muscle], which originates on the underside of the levator palpebrae superioris [196]. In the inferior eyelid, the lower tarsus is attached to a prolongation of the inferior rectus muscle, called the inferior tarsal muscle.…”
Section: Eyelid Musclesmentioning
confidence: 99%