The humanistic and economic burden of atopic dermatitis among adults and adolescents in Saudi Arabia

Elezbawy, Baher; Fasseeh, A.N.; Fouly, Essam; Esba, Laila Carolina Abu; Abdulkarim, Hana Al; Al-Haddab, Mohammed; Al-Sheikh, Afaf; Altawil, Esraa; Turaiki, Abdulrahman Al; Eshmawi, Maysa; Hamadah, Issam; Tannira, Mohamed; Dalle, Hala; Aderian, Sandrine; Roshdy, Ahmed; Jaheen, Ahmed; Hamad, Tharwat; Abaza, Sherif; Kaló, Zoltán

doi:10.1080/13696998.2022.2152234

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The burden of this chronic inflammatory skin condition is substantial, with the total economic cost of AD constituting up to 0.059% of the country's gross domestic product (GDP), ranking among the highest worldwide [ 10 ]. Generally, AD exhibits a higher prevalence among the urban population and is less prevalent in rural areas.…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Review of Phototherapy in Atopic Dermatitis: Mechanisms, Modalities, and Clinical Efficacy

Molla

2024

Cureus

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This literature review explores atopic dermatitis and its management, with a focus on phototherapy as a treatment modality. The primary objectives are to elucidate the pathophysiological mechanisms, clinical manifestations, diagnostic criteria, and epidemiology of atopic dermatitis. Additionally, it seeks to explain phototherapy mechanisms, different modalities, and other therapeutic approaches. In this review, we comprehensively examine atopic dermatitis by synthesizing findings from diverse sources over the past 20 years. We investigate the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic criteria, and role of phototherapy in treatment. We conduct thematic analysis, compare phototherapy modalities, consider contextual factors, and integrate patient perspectives while upholding ethical considerations. Limitations include potential publication bias, language barriers, temporal constraints, subjectivity, and limited generalizability. Atopic dermatitis has a complex pathogenesis and can be managed with diverse modalities. Phototherapy emerges as an effective and safe treatment, particularly when other therapies prove ineffective.

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Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Review of Phototherapy in Atopic Dermatitis: Mechanisms, Modalities, and Clinical Efficacy

Molla

2024

Cureus

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“…Without effective intervention, infants with AD are susceptible to developing asthma, allergic rhinitis, and conjunctivitis (Elezbawy et al, 2023). The prevalence of AD among urban infants in China is rapidly increasing and similar conditions have been observed in other developing countries (Elezbawy et al, 2023). AD usually occurs early in life.…”

Section: Introduction Background and Rationalementioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal supplementation with Limosilactobacillus reuteri FN041 for preventing infants with atopic dermatitis: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Yu,

Ma,

Luo

et al. 2023

Front. Microbiol.

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BackgroundAtopic dermatitis (AD) has increased rapidly with rapid urbanization; however, the treatment options for AD are lacking because the commonly used therapies can only alleviate symptoms. Limosilactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri), FN041 is a specific strain isolated from human breast milk, and its protective potential against AD has been confirmed. This study aims to assess the efficacy of maternal consumption of L. reuteri FN041 during late pregnancy and lactation in preventing infantile AD.MethodsFirst, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled intervention study will be conducted on 340 pregnant females with babies at high risk for AD. These subjects will be randomly divided into four groups of different doses of L. reuteri FN041 (1 × 109, 5 × 109, and 1 × 1010 CFU/d) along with a placebo. The safety and efficacy of maternal use of L. reuteri FN041 for preventing infantile AD will be analyzed, and the most efficient dosage of L. reuteri FN041 will be determined. Subsequently, a multicenter cohort study of 500 pregnant females with babies at high risk for AD will be conducted to promote the maternal application of L. reuteri FN041. These subjects will be administered L. reuteri FN041 at the optimal dose determined during the first stage of late pregnancy and lactation, and their babies will be analyzed for AD development. Recruitment was initiated in October 2022.DiscussionThe primary outcome is the cumulative incidence of AD at 24 months after maternal consumption of L. reuteri FN041 during late pregnancy and lactation, whereas the secondary outcome is the efficiency of L. reuteri FN041 transfer from the mother’s gut to breast milk and then the infant’s gut after oral supplementation. This study will demonstrate the efficacy of edible probiotics isolated from breast milk in preventing or treating AD in infants. Accordingly, we provide population-based advice for administering specific probiotics for the primary prevention of AD in pregnant females. Understanding the underlying mechanisms of probiotic strains derived from breast milk can promote their application in preventing infant diseases associated with intestinal microbiota imbalance and immune disorders.Clinical trial registrationhttps://www.chictr.org.cn/, identifier [ChiCTR2300075611].

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Prevalence and Risk Factors for Atopic Dermatitis in Saudi Arabian Children: A Cross-sectional Study

Aleid,

Alkhunaizi,

Alzahran

et al. 2024

Journal of Advanced Trends in Medical Research

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Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an inflammatory skin disease of cyclical nature, which is rather significant for several aspects of children’s health. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of AD among the Saudi Arabian children and few predisposing factors associated with the disease. Methods: A cross-sectional survey method was used, and the data were obtained with the help of an online self-administered questionnaire that was shared with parents or guardians of children in Saudi Arabia. Gathered data included demographic data, presence of AD markers and history, other risk factors, coexisting diseases, perceived satisfaction with treatment and the disease severity. The analysis of data was done by the use of Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) 28. Continuous data were compared to AD prevalence using t-tests, whereas categorical variables were compared to AD prevalence using Chi-square tests. Results: AD in the population was present at a frequency of 66.7% (n = 2400), with the majority of children being diagnosed at the age of 1–3 years (28.4%). Most of the patients were mildly to moderately irritated (36.3% and 49.2%, respectively) and had occasional flare-ups. The bold risk factors identified were maternal antecedent AD (4.9%), never breastfed (33.3%), and exposure to allergens. As for the most frequent comorbid diseases, the respondents reported their experience of having asthma (21.6%) and allergic rhinitis (28.4%). Two chronic signs were noted in some patients: constant itching and disturbance of sleep, which affected 9% of cases. These complaints impacted the patient’s functioning in 34% of cases. Three per cent of children. Satisfaction with the treatment per se was moderate but not of the optimum magnitude, 40. Despite the high level of very satisfaction with the treatment reported by about 2% of the families, the treatment remained costly to the families, with some 2. Only 9% of the respondents said that they endured ‘constant’ financial distress because of the condition. Conclusion: AD has become a significant health issue affecting children in Saudi Arabia. Several important risk factors have been identified, which may aid in the early detection and control of the condition. These outcomes describe the progression of allergic reactions as elevated and emphasise the need for integrated care models because people with allergies are most commonly affected by two or more varieties of allergies simultaneously. Further literature studies were needed to examine the immunological aspects and improve the details of this disease’s courses that would enhance the lives of children.

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The humanistic and economic burden of atopic dermatitis among adults and adolescents in Saudi Arabia

Cited by 3 publications

References 46 publications

A Comprehensive Review of Phototherapy in Atopic Dermatitis: Mechanisms, Modalities, and Clinical Efficacy

A Comprehensive Review of Phototherapy in Atopic Dermatitis: Mechanisms, Modalities, and Clinical Efficacy

Maternal supplementation with Limosilactobacillus reuteri FN041 for preventing infants with atopic dermatitis: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Prevalence and Risk Factors for Atopic Dermatitis in Saudi Arabian Children: A Cross-sectional Study

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