The hyaluronidase content of semen

Swyer, G. I. M.

doi:10.1042/bj0410409

Cited by 40 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Any hyaluronidase found in semen is the consequence of its loss or release from sperm (1,2 ) . Sperm will release hyaluronidase when incubated in either distilled water or salt solution ( 3 , 4 ) .…”

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confidence: 99%

Effects of Female Reproductive Tract Secretions on Rabbit Sperm I. Release of Hyaluronidase in Vitro

Lewis

Ketchel

1972

Experimental Biology and Medicine

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confidence: 99%

Effects of Female Reproductive Tract Secretions on Rabbit Sperm I. Release of Hyaluronidase in Vitro

Lewis

Ketchel

1972

Experimental Biology and Medicine

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“…However, this does not hold true for the fowl and dog. The enzyme is lacking ip cryptorchids and prepubertal rabbits (8). However, aspermic speci mens of semen contain the spreading factor, which is evidently present in relatively low concentration since such aspermic speci mens did not reduce the viscosity of hyaluronic acid solutions (10).…”

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confidence: 98%

Developmental Physiology

Schechtman¹

1949

Annu. Rev. Physiol.

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The present review is concerned mainly with change-the physi ology of embryonic differentiation-rather than with functions more obviously of an operational nature. The writer is conscious of the difficulties involved in the assumption that embryonic func tions can, -in the first place, be segregated into categories of differ entiation versus operation. However space limitations have com pelled selection, and such topics as mechanics of heart action, trans port of gases, fetal muscular activity, and function of the nervous system have been left for future reviews. Fertilization.-Following up his earlier work on the cytolytic action of lecithinase, Ohman (1) has obtained data which indicate a decrease in the phosphatide content of the surface of the sea urchin egg as a result of fertilization. A decrease in susceptibility to cytolysis occurs shortly after fertilization, followed by a second period of increased susceptibility, and again a third period of de creased susceptibility, this last period coinciding with the time when the egg is preparing for cleavage' . One may only speculate on the possible relation between these findings and the shift in alkaline phosphatase as shown by the Comori method (2). In young oocytes of the sea urchin alkaline phosphatase is concen trated in the nucleolus and nuclear membrane, whereas in the mature egg it occurs in granules of the cortex and after fertilization is quite evenly distributed through the cytoplasm. Monroy & Montalenti (3) have related birefringence or its ab sence in the cortex of the sea urchin egg to the type of cellular shrinkage produced by hypertonic sea water. Uniform shrinkage (spherical plasmolysis) corresponds with the period of cortical birefringence, whereas irregular shrinkage (angular plasmolysis) corresponds with lack of birefringence. The interpretation is that radially oriented micelles characterize the cortex of the unfertilized egg, whereas a disorderly pattern occurs after fertilization. Mon roy (4) suggests that the cortex contains a lipid-protein -complex with the lipids arranged radially. Brooks (5), from a study of the activation of eggs by various redox dyes, finds marked agreement 1 Annu. Rev. Physiol. 1949.11:1-20. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org Access provided by University of California -Davis on 02/04/15. For personal use only. Quick links to online content Further ANNUAL REVIEWS 2 SCHECHTMANbetween the rH values of the most effective dyes and of homologous sperm. This supports the suggestion previously made by the au thor that activation depends upon the establishment of appro priate redox potential. Cheney (14), from studies on caffeine inhi bition of oxygen upt�ke in Arbacia, finds that fertilization is inde pendent of a respiratory mechanism required shortly afterward. Barron et al. (132) have shown a similar difference in respiratory mechanism by the use of nitrogen mustards. The "myosin-like" protein obtained by Mirsky (134) from sea urchin eggs was found by Connors & Scheer (6) to be completely lacking in adenosinetriphosph...

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“…The amount of HAase in human semen is entirely dependent on the sperm count. In general, the HAase content of human semen containing 100 million sperms/mL is about 0.36 U/mL with the total amount of 1.08 U considering the average volume of human ejaculate is 3 mL (15). The mechanism of degradation of HA has been reviewed in detail (16).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is a non-sulfated, hydrophilic, naturally occurring anionic muco-polysaccharide made of repeating disaccharide units of D-glucuronic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, linked through β(1-4) and β(1-3) glycoside bonds (12,13). HA is hydrolyzable under treatment with the hyaluronidase (HAase) enzyme (14), which is abundant in human seminal fluid (15) as well as other body fluids and tissues (11). The amount of HAase in human semen is entirely dependent on the sperm count.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyaluronidase-Sensitive Nanoparticle Templates for Triggered Release of HIV/AIDS Microbicide In Vitro

Agrahari

Zhang

et al. 2013

AAPS J

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Abstract. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that a triggered release of a topical microbicide (tenofovir) from hyaluronic acid nanoparticles (HA-NPs) can be achieved under the influence of hyaluronidase (HAase) enzyme. A fractional factorial experimental design was used to examine the factors [molar concentrations of adipic acid dihydrazide (X 1 ) and 1-ethyl-3-[3-dimethylaminopropyl] carbodiimide hydrochloride (X 2 ), volume of acetone (X 3 ) and reaction time (X 4 )] influencing the responses, Y 1 ; particle mean diameter: PMD (nanometers: nm), Y 2 ; polydispersity index: PDI and Y 3 ; zeta (ζ) potential: (millivolts). The amide bond formation between HA and ADH after cross-linking was confirmed by FT-IR and 13 C-NMR analyses. These NPs were also characterized for cytotoxicity on a human vaginal epithelial cell line and L. crispatus. When formulated with factors X 1 ; 2.49 mM, X 2 ; 9.96 mM, X 3 ; 60 mL, X 4 ; 6 h, HA-NPs exhibited a spherical shape with PMD, PDI, ζ potential, encapsulation efficiency, and drug loading of 70.6±4.1 nm, 0.07±0.02, −38.2±2.8 mV, 51.8±2.4% w/w and 26.1±1.2% w/w, respectively, (n=3). Unlike for HA based gel, HAase significantly triggered the drug release and HA degradation from the NPs after 24 h (∼90% w/w and 65% w/w, respectively); whereas, in its absence, these values were ∼39% w/w and 26% w/w, respectively. The NPs were non-cytotoxic to human vaginal VK2/ E6E7, End1/E6E7 cells and Lactobacillus crispatus. These data highlight the potential of HAase-sensitive HA-NPs templates for the controlled and vaginal delivery of anti-HIV/AIDS microbicides.

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The hyaluronidase content of semen

Cited by 40 publications

References 11 publications

Effects of Female Reproductive Tract Secretions on Rabbit Sperm I. Release of Hyaluronidase in Vitro

Effects of Female Reproductive Tract Secretions on Rabbit Sperm I. Release of Hyaluronidase in Vitro

Developmental Physiology

Hyaluronidase-Sensitive Nanoparticle Templates for Triggered Release of HIV/AIDS Microbicide In Vitro

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