The Hydration of Unsaturated Compounds. III. The Hydration Rate of Trimethylethylene in Aqueous Solutions of Acids¹

Abstract

Since the foregoing procedure has given rather low yields (about 22%), an effort will be made in subsequent work to ascertain the conditions for the optimum results. The use of a larger quantity of the dihalogen derivative would doubtless be of great importance. Summary A method has been described for the synthesis of the -methyl-, -ethyl-, -w-propyl-and a-nbutyl -a-phenylychlorobutyronitriles. These compounds are being used in the synthesis of 1pyrrolines and other derivatives. Troy, N. Y.

Proton‐Assisted Ethylene Hydration in Aqueous Solution

“…Consequently, the reverse reaction, that is, the proton-assisted dehydration of ethanol, is an E2 elimination reaction. The calculated hydration activation energy of 23 kcal mol À1 is near the experimental values for the activation barriers of the hydration of isobutene [14] (23 kcal mol À1 ) and 2-methyl-2-butene [15] (19 kcal mol À1 ) in acidic solution. Figures 2 and 3 show that the trajectory at q = 0.11 along the hydration route and the trajectories at q = 0.05 and 0.00 along the dehydration route exhibit reactive events with the force on the protontransfer coordinate changing sign and the CÀO bond either forming or breaking.…”

Proton‐Assisted Ethylene Hydration in Aqueous Solution

“…Consequently, the reverse reaction, that is, the proton‐assisted dehydration of ethanol, is an E2 elimination reaction. The calculated hydration activation energy of 23 kcal mol −1 is near the experimental values for the activation barriers of the hydration of isobutene14 (23 kcal mol −1 ) and 2‐methyl‐2‐butene15 (19 kcal mol −1 ) in acidic solution.…”

Application Of The H0 Acidity Function To Kinetics And Mechanisms Of Acid Catalysis

“…It has been known for some time that the hydration of olefins is an acidcatalyzed reaction (168,169) and that the hydrolysis shows only specific hydrogen-ion catalysis (56). This latter fact suggests (but does not demand) a preliminary proton transfer to the olefin.…”