The hydrodynamics of swimming microorganisms

Lauga, Eric; Powers, Thomas

doi:10.1088/0034-4885/72/9/096601

Cited by 2,256 publications

(2,556 citation statements)

References 319 publications

(580 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

2,501

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Another fundamental aspect in the investigation of microswimmers is the effect of hydrodynamic interactions [52], and how do these compare with the effect of concentration or temperature gradients. In the case of self-propelled particles, the temperature or concentration distributions decay with 1/r around the particle, such that their gradients decay as 1/r 2 .…”

Section: Flow Field Around Phoretic Swimmersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the case of self-propelled particles, the temperature or concentration distributions decay with 1/r around the particle, such that their gradients decay as 1/r 2 . Furthermore, the hydrodynamic interactions have shown to be fundamentally different for swimmers of various geometries and propulsion mechanisms, yielding to phenomenologically different behaviors classified in three types, pullers, pushers, and neutral swimmers [52]. In the following, we investigate the solvent velocity fields generated by the self-phoretic Janus particles, as well as those generated by self-phoretic microdimers, and in both cases the analytical predictions are compared with simulation results.…”

Section: Flow Field Around Phoretic Swimmersmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Hydrodynamic simulations of self-phoretic microswimmers

2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A mesoscopic hydrodynamic model to simulate synthetic self-propelled Janus particles which is thermophoretically or diffusiophoretically driven is here developed. We first propose a model for a passive colloidal sphere which reproduces the correct rotational dynamics together with strong phoretic effect. This colloid solution model employs a multiparticle collision dynamics description of the solvent, and combines potential interactions with the solvent, with stick boundary conditions. Asymmetric and specific colloidal surface is introduced to produce the properties of self-phoretic Janus particles. A comparative study of Janus and microdimer phoretic swimmers is performed in terms of their swimming velocities and induced flow behavior. Self-phoretic microdimers display long range hydrodynamic interactions and can be characterized as pullers or pushers. In contrast, Janus particles are characterized by short range hydrodynamic interactions and behave as neutral swimmers. Our model nicely mimics those recent experimental realization of the self-phoretic Janus particles.

show abstract

Section: Flow Field Around Phoretic Swimmersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Flow Field Around Phoretic Swimmersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrodynamic simulations of self-phoretic microswimmers

2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…[2][3][4][5][6][7] Conceptually this task benets from a rather good theoretical understanding, as these swimmers oen can be effectively described by point force dipoles (stokeslets). 8,9 The situation is very different for objects that are self-propelled along so and deformable substrateslike crawling cells (keratocytes, broblasts, leukocytes etc.). Here the force transfer is nontrivial and the overall behavior depends on the adhesion mechanism and its interplay with the substrate's surface (chemical, topographical) and elastic properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling crawling cell movement on soft engineered substrates

2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Self-propelled motion, emerging spontaneously or in response to external cues, is a hallmark of living organisms. Systems of self-propelled synthetic particles are also relevant for multiple applications, from targeted drug delivery to the design of self-healing materials. Self-propulsion relies on the force transfer to the surrounding. While self-propelled swimming in the bulk of liquids is fairly well characterized, many open questions remain in our understanding of self-propelled motion along substrates, such as in the case of crawling cells or related biomimetic objects. How is the force transfer organized and how does it interplay with the deformability of the moving object and the substrate? How do the spatially dependent traction distribution and adhesion dynamics give rise to complex cell behavior? How can we engineer a specific cell response on synthetic compliant substrates? Here we generalize our recently developed model for a crawling cell by incorporating locally resolved traction forces and substrate deformations.The model captures the generic structure of the traction force distribution and faithfully reproduces experimental observations, like the response of a cell on a gradient in substrate elasticity (durotaxis). It also exhibits complex modes of cell movement such as "bipedal" motion. Our work may guide experiments on cell traction force microscopy and substrate-based cell sorting and can be helpful for the design of biomimetic "crawlers" and active and reconfigurable self-healing materials.

show abstract

“…Furthermore, it is noted that large nanoswimmers (with a 400 nm diameter) swim nearly 3-fold faster than the smaller (100 nm) ones. The speed of helical swimmers is dependent upon various geometric parameters (including the diameter) and the rotation frequency, in a complex manner described in eqn (1): 23,33 v ¼…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Template electrosynthesis of tailored-made helical nanoswimmers

Sattayasamitsathit²,

Dong³

et al. 2014

Nanoscale

151

118

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We demonstrate a template electrosynthesis for large-scale low-cost preparation of remarkably small magnetically driven tailored-made helical nanoswimmers that display efficient propulsion behavior and hold considerable promise for future miniature devices in the human body.The synthesis of nanoscale structures capable of moving in liquids represents a major nanotechnological challenge. [1][2][3][4][5][6] Signicant progress has been made recently towards the fabrication of micro/nanomotors that rely on local chemical fuel 7-9 or on external electrical, 10,11 optical, 12 ultrasound 13,14 and magnetic 15-19 stimuli. Among the different types of micro/ nanomotors, magnetically actuated ones are extremely promising for diverse in vivo biomedical applications owing to their attractive swimming performance. 1,17,19 In particular, helical magnetic micro/nanoswimmers -inspired by bacterial agellum propulsion 20 -transform a rotation around their helical axis into a translation along the helical axis to offer an efficient locomotion behavior. 17,19 However, till recently the large-scale preparation of helical micro/nanostructures has been challenging, since traditional microfabrication techniques -based on the deposition or removal of thin layers of materialhave not been compatible with the preparation of complex three-dimensional (3D) helical micro/nanostructures. 19 The challenges of fabricating 3D helical swimmers have been discussed. 17,19 Several fabrication methods have been proposed recently for addressing these challenges and preparing magnetically actuated helical micro/nanoswimmers. 1,17,19 The rst magnetically driven helical corkscrew-shaped microrobot (2-3 mm in diameter, 30-50 mm long) was fabricated by a selfscrolling technique that combines "top-down" lithographic patterning and a "self-organizing" step. 16,21 Even smaller highly densed helical nano-propellers were prepared in 2009 by glancing angle deposition (GLAD). 22 An attractive top-down 3D laser direct writing (DLW) of magnetic helical micromachines was demonstrated recently by Nelson's group. 23,24 Yet, these routes for fabricating helical micro/nanoswimmers require specialized and expensive instrumentation, and the dimensions of these helical magnetic motors are commonly limited by the resolution of optical lithography.This article describes an effective and simple template electrodeposition approach for the large-scale preparation of extremely small and highly efficient helical magnetic swimmers. For over two decades, template electrosynthesis has been shown to be an attractive approach for the mass production of diverse nanostructures and nanodevices. 25 Such templateassisted electrochemical growth of different nanostructures involves electrodeposition of different materials into the cylindrical nanopores of a host porous membrane template, followed by dissolution of the template. 26,27 The versatility of the template-directed electrodeposition has been shown to be extremely useful for preparing chemically powered nanomotors, including cataly...

show abstract

The hydrodynamics of swimming microorganisms

Cited by 2,256 publications

References 319 publications

Hydrodynamic simulations of self-phoretic microswimmers

Hydrodynamic simulations of self-phoretic microswimmers

Modeling crawling cell movement on soft engineered substrates

Template electrosynthesis of tailored-made helical nanoswimmers

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About