The hydrogen method of measuring local blood flow in subcortical structures of the brain: Including a comparative study with the 14C antipyrine method

Fieschi, C.; Bozzao, L.; Agnoli, A.; Nardini, M.; Bartolini, A.

doi:10.1007/bf00235437

Cited by 57 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Regardless of these unresolved problems, it is worthy of note in our data that the mean values of CBF(photoelectric) and CBF(H2) in the anesthe tized state were generally in good agreement and comparable with those reported by others (Fieschi et al, 1969). The flow changes with CO2 inhalation were comparable to those reported by Reivich (1964) as 1.3 mI· 100 g-I .…”

Section: Assumptions and Flow Valuessupporting

confidence: 91%

Comparison between the Photoelectric Method and H₂ Clearance Method for Measuring Cerebrocortical Blood Flow in Cats

Tomita

Gotoh

Tanahashi

et al. 1988

J Cereb Blood Flow Metab

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Summary:The photoelectric method using carbon black as a nondiffusible tracer of blood was compared with the hydrogen clearance (H2) method in nine anesthetized cats. A photoelectric apparatus and H2 electrode were applied to a small region of the cerebral cortex (left ecto sylvian gyrus) for simultaneous measurement of the re gional CBF. The values of CBF(H2) and CBF(photoelec tric) were 50.7 ± 19.2 and 52.1 ± 14.5 ml' 100 g-I . min-I, respectively. CBF(H2) and CBF(photoelec tric) were found to correlate well (r = 0.588, p < 0.01) when changes in CBF were induced by CO2 inhalation, exsanguination, hyperventilation, and occlusion of the middle cerebral artery. The correlation between CBF(H2) and CBF(photoelectric) was much better in the case of For measuring the cortical blood flow of the brain in experimental animals, numerous techniques, e.g., the inert gas clearance technique, microsphere method, autoradiographic technique, thermistor method, dynamic recording of isotopically labeled substances injected into the bloodstream, etc., have been reported. However, none of these methods is feasible for quantitatively measuring time-to-time changes in CBF. To meet the require ment of better temporal resolution, we developed a photoelectric method (Tomita et aI., 1978a(Tomita et aI., , 1983 that permits frequent determinations of cortical blood flow together with continuous recording of the blood volume of the cortex. Employing this Manuscript received January 26, 1988; accepted March 28, 1988.Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. M. To mita at Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160, Japan.Abbreviations used: CBV, cerebral blood volume; H2, hy drogen clearance; MCA, middle cerebral artery; SP D, silicone photodiode. 727intraindividual comparisons (r = 0.957, p < 0.01). In ad dition to its merits in common with the H2 clearance method, such as handiness, low cost, and strict regional ity, the photoelectric method displayed the following ad vantages: time-to-time measurements of CBF «20 s), immediate display of the microcirculatory flow pattern, and simultaneous monitoring of cerebral blood volume. However, measurements from deep structures of the brain are better performed by the H2 method despite the disadvantage of the use of a potentially explosive gas. Key Words: Photoelectric method-Hydrogen clearance method-Cerebral blood flow-Cerebral blood volume -Mean transit time of blood-Carbon black.photoelectric method, some new insights into the brain under pathophysiological conditions have been obtained (Tomita et aI., 1978b(Tomita et aI., , 1980(Tomita et aI., , 1983 To mita, 1988). However, strict objective verification of the validity of the photoelectric method has not yet been carried out. This article therefore attempts to compare two flow values measured simultaneously in the same area of the cerebral cortex in nine cats using our photoelectric method and the hydrogen clearance (H2) method. The results are discussed in relation to t...

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Section: Assumptions and Flow Valuessupporting

confidence: 91%

Comparison between the Photoelectric Method and H₂ Clearance Method for Measuring Cerebrocortical Blood Flow in Cats

Tomita

Gotoh

Tanahashi

et al. 1988

J Cereb Blood Flow Metab

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“…"'· •• Similar measurements have been made after carotid injection of H.6" or by a combination of inhalation and injection. 70 The values obtained for CBF in cortical gray matter and white matter with this method (83 ml and 19 ml/100 gm per minute) agree well with those obtained by other techniques. "…”

Section: Local and Regional Cbfsupporting

confidence: 80%

XIII. Cerebral circulation and metabolism in stroke. Cerebral circulation and metabolism in stroke study group.

Scheinberg¹,

Meyer²,

Reivich³

et al. 1976

Stroke

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An understanding of the cerebral circulation is so fundamental to comprehension of the pathogenesis of stroke that cerebral blood flow and metabolism merit review in this series of reports. The authors recognize that the research described here is very technical in nature and may appear to have little practical application to clinical medicine. Nevertheless, these matters are basic to the development of precise methods for the measurement of regional cerebral blood flow in man which could be used to monitor the therapy of stroke with greater success than is possible at present.

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“…18 The absolute CO 2 -R calculated from their data shows a considerable variation between 1.85 and 7.47 ml/100 g per min/mmHg. It must be considered, however, that these absolute CO 2 -R values base on two CBF determinations at different PaCO 2 only, which might give unstable results.…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

Local vascular response to change in carbon dioxide tension. Long term observation in the cat's brain by means of the hydrogen clearance technique.

Kummer¹

1984

Stroke

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(617) ALTHOUGH ARTERIAL carbon dioxide tension (PaCO 2 ) has often been confirmed as a prominent factor of circulatory control in the central nervous system (CNS) since regional CBF measurements were performed, 1 " 12 the quantitative relationship between local cerebral blood flow (ICBF) and PaCO 2 is not yet clear. Within physiologic ranges of PaCO 2 , the vascular response has been described to be linear 2 "5 l0 " but also as an exponential function.' 8 9 n This has led to uncertainty in calculations of CBF when adjustments for changes in PaCO 2 are necessary. It is also uncertain whether CCyreactivity (CO 2 -R) in different regions of the CNS is uniform or not.6 -7 ' 3 ' 6 Recently Meyer et al 17 stated from stable xenon-CT measurements that ICBF of both gray and white matter decreased "diffusely and homogenously throughout the brain," although they registered a 3.9% flow reduction/mmHg PaCO 2 change in occipital cortex but only a 2.6% flow reduction/mmHg PaCO 2 change in occipital white matter.For these reasons the present study was designed to determine the quantitative response of ICBF to PaCO, From the Neurologische Universitatsklinik Heidelberg. Address correspondence to: Dr. R. v. Kummer, Neurologische Universitatsklinik, Voss-Str. 2, D-6900 Heidelberg, West-Germany.Received January 6, 1983; revision accepted June 22. 1983. change in gray and white matter as well as in the deep nuclei of the brain. The hydrogen clearance technique was chosen for lCBF-determination because this method enables direct and repeated measurements. As previous observations 18 l9 and preliminary data of this study showed, 20 the vascular reactivity is not impaired by small hydrogen sensitive electrodes. To minimize and measure any possible influence of tissue trauma, in this study the electrodes were implanted chronically and the CO 2 -R was repeatedly determined over a period of 12 weeks. MethodsThe experiments were carried out in 6 cats of either sex within the weight range of 2.4 to 3.7 kg. Anesthesia was induced with sodium pentobarbital (30 mg per kg) and maintained with 70% N 2 O-30% O 2 -gas via an endotracheal tube. The animals were paralyzed with pancuroniumbromide administered intravenously, repeated as necessary. Ventilation was maintained by a Schuler pump. Where the PaCO 2 was to be raised, this was done by adding CCygas to the input of the pump.

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The hydrogen method of measuring local blood flow in subcortical structures of the brain: Including a comparative study with the 14C antipyrine method

Cited by 57 publications

References 7 publications

Comparison between the Photoelectric Method and H₂ Clearance Method for Measuring Cerebrocortical Blood Flow in Cats

Comparison between the Photoelectric Method and H₂ Clearance Method for Measuring Cerebrocortical Blood Flow in Cats

XIII. Cerebral circulation and metabolism in stroke. Cerebral circulation and metabolism in stroke study group.

Local vascular response to change in carbon dioxide tension. Long term observation in the cat's brain by means of the hydrogen clearance technique.

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The hydrogen method of measuring local blood flow in subcortical structures of the brain: Including a comparative study with the 14C antipyrine method

Cited by 57 publications

References 7 publications

Comparison between the Photoelectric Method and H2 Clearance Method for Measuring Cerebrocortical Blood Flow in Cats

Comparison between the Photoelectric Method and H2 Clearance Method for Measuring Cerebrocortical Blood Flow in Cats

XIII. Cerebral circulation and metabolism in stroke. Cerebral circulation and metabolism in stroke study group.

Local vascular response to change in carbon dioxide tension. Long term observation in the cat's brain by means of the hydrogen clearance technique.

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Comparison between the Photoelectric Method and H₂ Clearance Method for Measuring Cerebrocortical Blood Flow in Cats

Comparison between the Photoelectric Method and H₂ Clearance Method for Measuring Cerebrocortical Blood Flow in Cats