The hydrogenase-nitrogenase relationship in the blue-green algaAnabaena cylindrica

Bothe, Hermann; Tennigkeit, J.; Eisbrenner, G.; Yates, M. G.

doi:10.1007/bf00380683

Cited by 102 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…From our findings reported earlier [3] we propose that maximum hydrogen evolution can be achieved by the suitable choice o f photosynthetic electron transport inhibitors and illumination intensity vs. a C O /acetylene gas mixture to inhibit the uptake hydrogenase [4]. Even though the former method leads to high increases over the control in air-grown cul tures highest rates in absolute values are always ob tained with material grown under nitrogen ( + C 0 2), i. e. microaerobic conditions (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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External Factors Influencing Light-Induced Hydrogen Evolution by the Blue-Green Alga, Nostoc muscorum

Ernst

Kerfin

Spiller

et al. 1979

Zeitschrift Für Naturforschung C

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Photoproduction of Hydrogen, Cyanobacteria, Heterocysts, Water Photolysis, Nitrogenase, Uptake Hydrogenase This study was conducted to determine some physiological conditions which influence light-in duced hydrogen evolution by intact cells of the blue-green alga Nostoc muscorum.This activity was found to be dependent on the age of the culture, cultivation temperature, ageing of the cells, and on gassing the cultures with nitrogen or air. Nitrogenase is particularly ac tive after cultivation at 22 °C but not at 32 °C although growth is about the same. The molar ratio of acetylene reduction to hydrogen evolution -both gas exchanges obviously catalyzed by nitrogen ase -is also dependent on age and temperature of the culture. A hydrogen-consuming ("up take") hydrogenase activity is present and affected by prolonged microaerobic, but not by aerobic growth conditions, and stimulated by light.External factors during growth apparently influence differently the activities of nitrogenase and uptake hydrogenase. Consequently -besides the electron donor supply -net light-induced hydro gen evolution by intact cells is dependent on these two variable activities.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The latter treat ment lowers the oxygen level in the cells, thereby de creasing the activity o f the hydrogen-consuming ("uptake") hydrogenase (see also [4]). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

External Factors Influencing Light-Induced Hydrogen Evolution by the Blue-Green Alga, Nostoc muscorum

Ernst

Kerfin

Spiller

et al. 1979

Zeitschrift Für Naturforschung C

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“…The second reaction is the hydrogenase-dependent oxidation of H2 in some nitrogen-fixing organisms such as free living bacteria (6,15,19), blue-green algae (2), and root nodule bacteriods (7-9, 17, 18). The first reaction may decrease the energy available for the reduction of N2 (1,2,(9)(10)(11)(17)(18)(19) and for this reason has been used in the calculation of a relative efficiency value of energy utilization for N2 reduction (17,18). This value has been defined as the energy used to reduce N2 divided by the total energy consumed for nitrogenase-catalyzed substrate reduction (17,18).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen Reactions of Nodulated Leguminous Plants

Schubert

Engelke²,

Russell³

et al. 1977

Plant Physiol.

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The ATP-dependent evolution of H2 catalyzed by nitrogenase and the hydrogenase-catalyzed oxidation of H2 have been implicated as factors influencing the efficiency of energy utilization in the N2 fixtion proces. The effects of rhizobial strain and plant age on the H2-evolving and H2-utillzing activity of leguminous root nodules are described in this manuscript. Two dases of legume-Rhizobium combinations were observed in studies with soybeans (Glycine max L. Merr.) and cowpeas (Vigna unguiculate L. Walp.). One group evolved H2 in air; the other group did not exhibit net evolution of H2. The lnaer group metaboized H2 formed within the nodule through the action of a hydrogenase. The capacity to oxidize H2 was strongly lnked to the stri of Rhizobiwm ued to inoculate cowpeas and soybeas. Although the magnitude of H2 evolution in air changed during vegetative growth of a given symbiont, the ratio of H2 evolved in air to total nitrogenase activity was not appreciably altered during this period. No consistent difference in nitrogenase activity as measured by the C2H2 reduction assay was observed between symbionts with an active hydrogenase and those that apparently lack the enzyme and evolve H2. The effects of the two reactions of H2 on total N2 fixation and yield mut now be established.Nitrogen fixation is an energy intensive process. Fossil fuels (primarily natural gas) equivalent to approximately 300 x 106 barrels of oil were consumed worldwide in 1972 for the industrial synthesis of anhydrous ammonia for fertilizer production (5). The widespread use of fertilizer nitrogen has accounted for a major part of the increased productivity of cereal grain, the world's primary source of food (5, 18). Limitations on use of fossil fuels and the high cost of production of fertilizer nitrogen have raised questions concerning the practicality of increasing industrial nitrogen fertilizer production sufficiently to maintain worldwide agricultural productivity.For these reasons we must maximize the use of biological nitrogen fixation which now is estimated to account for about two-thirds of the total nitrogen fixed annually (4,13). Biological fixation utilizes solar energy captured via photosynthesis. In order to maximize the productivity of biological nitrogen fixation we must understand the factors which may limit the biological process. The ATP-dependent evolution of hydrogen from the nitrogenase reaction and H2 uptake via a hydrogenase have been implicated as possible factors involved in the efficiency of Rhizobium (20). Seeds were germinated on sterile H20 agar plates and the young seedlings were grown in 20-cm plastic pots containing Perlite. The plants were maintained on nitrogen-free nutrient solution (12) in a controlled environment chamber (day/night temperature, 29/24 C; light intensity, 22,000 lux; photoperiod, 16 hr). Nodules were excised with a small segment (2-3 cm) of root and precautions were taken to keep nodules moist without excessive wetting. Gases were obtained from National Cylinder Gas Company (Portl...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They are membrane-bound (7,12,28), couple to 02 consumption via a Cyt-containing electron transport system, and through this reaction provide a source of ATP (7, 9, 21). Several authors have suggested that these uptake hydrogenases function to recycle the H2 evolved by nitrogenase (4,7,9,21).In blue-green algae, membrane-bound hydrogenases can couple to two different electron transport pathways. Peschek has demonstrated respiratory H2 uptake and photosynthetic H2 uptake in Anacystis nidulans (19,20) in which the hydrogenase was induced by growth under a gas phase containing H2.…”

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confidence: 99%

Light and Dark Reactions of the Uptake Hydrogenase in Anabaena 7120

Houchins¹,

Burris²

1981

Plant Physiol.

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Reactions of the uptake hydrogenase from Anabaena 7120 (A.T.C.C. 27893, Nostoc muscorum) were examined in whole filaments, isolated heterocysts, and membrane particles. Whole ifiaments or isolated heterocysts that contained nitrogenase consumed H2 in the presence of C2H2 or N2 in a light-dependent reaction. If nitrogenase was inactivated by O2 shock, filaments catalyzed H2 uptake to an unidentified endogenous acceptor in the light. Addition of N03-or N02-enhanced these rates. Isolated heterocysts consumed H2 in the dark in the presence of electron acceptors with positive midpoint potentials, and these reactions were not enhanced by light. With acceptors of negative midpoint potential, significant light enhancement of H2 uptake occurred. Maximum rates of light-dependent uptake were approximately 25% of the maximum dark rates observed. Membrane particles prepared from isolated heterocysts showed similar specificity for electron acceptors. These particles catalyzed a cyanidesensitive oxyhydrogen reaction that was inactivated by 02 at 02 concentrations above 2%. Light-dependent H2 uptake to low potential acceptors by these particles was inhibited by dibromothymoquinone but was insensitive to cyanide. In the presence of 02, light-dependent H2 uptake occurred sunultaneously with the oxyhydrogen reaction. The pH optima for both types of H2 uptake were near 7.0. These results further clarify the role of uptake hydrogenase in donating electrons to both the photosynthetic and respiratory electron transport chains of Anabaena.Uptake hydrogenases have been found in several aerobic N2-fixing organisms (1,6,12), and these enzymes share several common properties. They are membrane-bound (7,12,28), couple to 02 consumption via a Cyt-containing electron transport system, and through this reaction provide a source of ATP (7, 9, 21). Several authors have suggested that these uptake hydrogenases function to recycle the H2 evolved by nitrogenase (4,7,9,21).In blue-green algae, membrane-bound hydrogenases can couple to two different electron transport pathways. Peschek has demonstrated respiratory H2 uptake and photosynthetic H2 uptake in Anacystis nidulans (19,20) in which the hydrogenase was induced by growth under a gas phase containing H2. In the dark, both H2 uptake systems could react only with acceptors having a positive midpoint potential; however, upon illumination acceptors with a negative potential could also be reduced.

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The hydrogenase-nitrogenase relationship in the blue-green algaAnabaena cylindrica

Cited by 102 publications

References 33 publications

External Factors Influencing Light-Induced Hydrogen Evolution by the Blue-Green Alga, Nostoc muscorum

External Factors Influencing Light-Induced Hydrogen Evolution by the Blue-Green Alga, Nostoc muscorum

Hydrogen Reactions of Nodulated Leguminous Plants

Light and Dark Reactions of the Uptake Hydrogenase in Anabaena 7120

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