The hydrogeochemistry of thermal springs on Mutnovskii Volcano, southern Kamchatka

Бортникова, С Б; Gavrilenko, G.M.; Bessonova, E. P.; Lapukhov, A. S.

doi:10.1134/s0742046309060025

Cited by 20 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The emissions from the vapor-dominated zones of inland geothermal systems are K + -enriched, unlike the discharges from the liquid-dominated zones, which contain much more Na + than K + (54,55). To our knowledge, the causes of this enrichment have not been explicitly addressed.…”

Section: Vapor-dominated Zones Of Terrestrial Geothermal Systems Asmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…The content of phosphorous compounds is higher in terrestrial thermal springs, where it varies within a broad range, reaching 60 to 70 μM in some Yellowstone springs (54) and as much as 1 mM in the acidic mud pots of Kamchatka (55). In an attempt to discriminate phosphite from phosphate in field samples, Pech et al have found comparable amounts of phosphate and phosphite in a pristine geothermal pool at Hot Creek Gorge near Mammoth Lakes, CA, which is fed by hot, bicarbonate-rich geothermal waters (56).…”

Section: Vapor-dominated Zones Of Terrestrial Geothermal Systems Asmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Generally, the concentrations of K + and Na + ions in rivers and lakes are much less than 1 mM, and the K + /Na + ratio is in the range of 0.1 to 1.0, although in streams that interact with potassium-rich igneous rocks, this ratio can reach 2 or 3 (59,60). At sites of inland geothermal activity, the levels of K + and Na + are higher as a result of extensive leaching of metals from rocks by hot, carbonate-enriched waters, and the K + /Na + ratio varies within a broad range (54,55) owing to the intrinsic heterogeneity of such systems. The heterogeneity is a result of the boiling of the ascending hot hydrothermal fluids at shallower depths followed by separation of the vapor phase from the liquid phase (Fig.…”

Section: Vapor-dominated Zones Of Terrestrial Geothermal Systems Asmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, among the well characterized environments on Earth, only emissions from vapor-dominated zones of inland geothermal systems simultaneously show K + /Na + ratios much greater than 1, a high content of transition metals, and substantial levels of phosphorous compounds (Table 2) (55,62,63,65). Although terrestrial geothermal systems have been occasionally suggested as potential habitats of the early life (37,61,66), the unique role of their vapor-dominated zones as natural chemical separators, to our knowledge, has not been specifically addressed.…”

Section: Vapor-dominated Zones Of Terrestrial Geothermal Systems Asmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Origin of first cells at terrestrial, anoxic geothermal fields

Mulkidjanian

Bychkov²,

Dibrova³

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

374

336

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All cells contain much more potassium, phosphate, and transition metals than modern (or reconstructed primeval) oceans, lakes, or rivers. Cells maintain ion gradients by using sophisticated, energydependent membrane enzymes (membrane pumps) that are embedded in elaborate ion-tight membranes. The first cells could possess neither ion-tight membranes nor membrane pumps, so the concentrations of small inorganic molecules and ions within protocells and in their environment would equilibrate. Hence, the ion composition of modern cells might reflect the inorganic ion composition of the habitats of protocells. We attempted to reconstruct the "hatcheries" of the first cells by combining geochemical analysis with phylogenomic scrutiny of the inorganic ion requirements of universal components of modern cells. These ubiquitous, and by inference primordial, proteins and functional systems show affinity to and functional requirement for K + , Zn 2+ , Mn 2+, and phosphate. Thus, protocells must have evolved in habitats with a high K + /Na + ratio and relatively high concentrations of Zn, Mn, and phosphorous compounds. Geochemical reconstruction shows that the ionic composition conducive to the origin of cells could not have existed in marine settings but is compatible with emissions of vapor-dominated zones of inland geothermal systems. Under the anoxic, CO 2 -dominated primordial atmosphere, the chemistry of basins at geothermal fields would resemble the internal milieu of modern cells. The precellular stages of evolution might have transpired in shallow ponds of condensed and cooled geothermal vapor that were lined with porous silicate minerals mixed with metal sulfides and enriched in K + , Zn 2+, and phosphorous compounds.

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Section: Vapor-dominated Zones Of Terrestrial Geothermal Systems Asmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Vapor-dominated Zones Of Terrestrial Geothermal Systems Asmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Vapor-dominated Zones Of Terrestrial Geothermal Systems Asmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Vapor-dominated Zones Of Terrestrial Geothermal Systems Asmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Origin of first cells at terrestrial, anoxic geothermal fields

Mulkidjanian

Bychkov²,

Dibrova³

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

374

336

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Menyailov et al (1985Menyailov et al ( , 1988 have measured isotopic composition of the volcanic gas condensates and isotopic ratios of noble gases in two Ebeko fumaroles. Geochemistry of thermal waters has been studies in Nikitina (1978), Markhinin and Stratula (1977), Fazlullin (1999), Bortnikova et al (2006) and Kalacheva and Kotenko (2013). Solute discharge by acidic thermal waters of the volcano-hydrothermal system has been measured by Zelenov (1972) and Fazlullin (1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Volcano–hydrothermal system of Ebeko volcano, Paramushir, Kuril Islands: Geochemistry and solute fluxes of magmatic chlorine and sulfur

Kalacheva

Taran

Котенко

et al. 2016

Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research

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Ebeko volcano at the northern part of Paramushir Island in the Kuril island arc produces frequent phreatic eruptions and relatively strong fumarolic activity at the summit area~1000 m above sea level (asl). The fumaroles are characterized by low-temperature, HCl-and S-rich gas and numerous hyper-acid pools (pH b 1) without drains. At~550 m asl, in the Yurieva stream canyon, many hot (up to 87°C) springs discharge ultra-acidic (pH 1-2) SO 4 -Cl water into the stream and finally into the Sea of Okhotsk. During quiescent stages of degassing, these fumaroles emit 1000-2000 t/d of water vapor, b 20 t/d of SO 2 and b 5 t/d of HCl. The measurement of acidic hot Yurieva springs shows that the flux of Cl and S, 60-80 t/d each, is independent on the volcanic activity in the last two decades. Such high flux of Cl is among the highest ever measured in a volcano-hydrothermal system. Oxygen and hydrogen isotopic composition of water and Cl concentration for Yurieva springs show an excellent positive correlation, indicating a mixing between meteoric water and magmatic vapor. In contrast, volcanic gas condensates of Ebeko fumaroles do not show a simple mixing trend but rather a complicated data suggesting evaporation of the acidic brine. Temperatures calculated from gas compositions and isotope data are similar, ranging from 150 to 250°C, which is consistent with the presence of a liquid aquifer below the Ebeko fumarolic fields. Saturation indices of non-silicate minerals suggest temperatures ranging from 150 to 200°C for Yurieva springs. Trace elements (including REE) and Sr isotope composition suggest congruent dissolution of the Ebeko volcanic rocks by acidic waters. Waters of Yurieva springs and waters of the summit thermal fields (including volcanic gas condensates) are different in Cl/SO 4 ratios and isotopic compositions, suggesting complicated boiling-condensationmixing processes.

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Open Questions on the Origin of Life at Anoxic Geothermal Fields

Bychkov

Dibrova

Galperin

et al. 2012

Orig Life Evol Biosph

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We have recently reconstructed the ‘hatcheries’ of the first cells by combining geochemical analysis with phylogenomic scrutiny of the inorganic ion requirements of universal components of modern cells (Mulkidjanian et al.: Origin of first cells at terrestrial, anoxic geothermal fields. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2012, 109:E821–830). These ubiquitous, and by inference primordial, proteins and functional systems show affinity to and functional requirement for K+, Zn2+, Mn2+, and phosphate. Thus, protocells must have evolved in habitats with a high K+/Na+ ratio and relatively high concentrations of Zn, Mn and phosphorous compounds. Geochemical reconstruction shows that the ionic composition conducive to the origin of cells could not have existed in marine settings but is compatible with emissions of vapor-dominated zones of inland geothermal systems. Under anoxic, CO2-dominated atmosphere, the ionic composition of pools of cool, condensed vapor at anoxic geothermal fields would resemble the internal milieu of modern cells. Such pools would be lined with porous silicate minerals mixed with metal sulfides and enriched in K+ ions and phosphorous compounds. Here we address some questions that have appeared in print after the publication of our anoxic geothermal field scenario. We argue that anoxic geothermal fields, which were identified as likely cradles of life by using a top-down approach and phylogenomics analysis as a tool, could provide geochemical conditions similar to those which were suggested as most conducive for the emergence of life by the chemists who pursuit the complementary bottom-up strategy.

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The hydrogeochemistry of thermal springs on Mutnovskii Volcano, southern Kamchatka

Cited by 20 publications

References 8 publications

Origin of first cells at terrestrial, anoxic geothermal fields

Origin of first cells at terrestrial, anoxic geothermal fields

Volcano–hydrothermal system of Ebeko volcano, Paramushir, Kuril Islands: Geochemistry and solute fluxes of magmatic chlorine and sulfur

Open Questions on the Origin of Life at Anoxic Geothermal Fields

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