The Hydrolysis of Lignin

Brauns, Friedrich Emil; Brauns, Dorothy Alexandra

doi:10.1016/b978-1-4832-2779-5.50017-1

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…In Stenogastrinae and some Polistes (52), this involves age-based queues, whereas in other Polistinae and Vespinae dominance is either aggressively or pheromonally established. The various convergent forms of eusocial and presocial traits, such as progressive provisioning, exhibited in VespinaeϩPolistinae, Stenogastrinae, some Eumeninae, and even some Masarinae (57), suggest that a basic set of groundplan traits in Vespidae has made multiple routes to sociality probable. Our phylogeny constitutes a firm foundation on which to further compare and contrast traits that may have led to colonial life in Vespidae.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multigene phylogeny reveals eusociality evolved twice in vespid wasps

Hines

Hunt

O’Connor

et al. 2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

137

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Eusocial wasps of the family Vespidae are thought to have derived their social behavior from a common ancestor that had a rudimentary caste-containing social system. In support of this behavioral scenario, the leading phylogenetic hypothesis of Vespidae places the eusocial wasps (subfamilies Stenogastrinae, Polistinae, and Vespinae) as a derived monophyletic clade, thus implying a single origin of eusocial behavior. This perspective has shaped the investigation and interpretation of vespid social evolution for more than two decades. Here we report a phylogeny of Vespidae based on data from four nuclear gene fragments (18S and 28S ribosomal DNA, abdominal-A and RNA polymerase II) and representatives from all six extant subfamilies. In contrast to the current phylogenetic perspective, our results indicate two independent origins of vespid eusociality, once in the clade Polistinae؉Vespinae and once in the Stenogastrinae. The stenogastrines appear as an early diverging clade distantly related to the vespines and polistines and thus evolved their distinctive form of social behavior from a different ancestor than that of Polistinae؉Vespinae. These results support earlier views based on life history and behavior and have important implications for interpreting transitional stages in vespid social evolution.Hymenoptera ͉ molecular phylogenetics ͉ social behavior ͉ social insect evolution ͉ Vespidae

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multigene phylogeny reveals eusociality evolved twice in vespid wasps

Hines

Hunt

O’Connor

et al. 2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

137

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“…Influence of the nature of the halide-ion on the anodic polarization curve of stainless steel no 1 in 1 N HzSO4 + 0.1 Na-halide (Nz, 216 mV/hr) of stainless steel is illustrated by the figures 3-5; these results are rather well-known effects of pH, halide type and halide concentration on the behaviour of steel(13,(36)(37)(38). One observes that (fig.…”

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confidence: 79%

On the Initiation process of pitting corrosion on austenitic stainless steel in chloride solutions

Seys

Haute

Brabers

1974

Materials & Corrosion

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Seys, van Haute and Brabers: Initiation process of pitting corrosion on austenitic stainless steel in chloride solutions 663 a) Auch bei Temperaturen < 0 ' C erfolgt Korrosion, ihre Geschwindigkeit ist aber vom S02-Zutritt und der Oberflachenwassermenge unabhangig. menge und die Temperatur die Korrosionsgeschwindigkeit besonders intensiv bei niedrigen SO2-Zutritten; die relativ hochste Geschwindigkeitssteigerung erfol t bei S02-Zutritten zwischen 10-30 mg . m-' . Tag-. In Anwesenheit niedriger Wassermengen (bis zu etwa 10 g . m-2) kontrollieren die Korrosionsgeschwindigkeit diejenigen Teilvorgange, welche zur Bildung von Sulfatnestern fuhren und die hydrolytische Rostentstehung bewirken. c) Bei gleichzeitiger Einwirkung hoher Oberflachenwassermengen und hoher Temperaturen begrenzt der gehemmte Sauerstofftransport die Korrosionsgeschwindigkeit. d) Die im Labor gefundenen ,,stationaren" Korrosionsgeschwindigkeiten stimmen mit Ergebnissen von Naturversuchen gut uberein. Eingegangen: 10. 4, 1974 b) Oberhalb von 0 O C beschleunigen Oberflachenwasser-P Schrifttum On the initiation process of pitting corrosion on austenitic stainless steel in chloride solutions

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“…Наявність в лігнін різноманітних полярних груп і вуглеводневих радикалів дозволяє вважати його сорбентом із діфільними властивостями; поверхня такого сорбенту здатна взаємодіяти як з вологою, так і з ацилгліцеринами олії [1,5].…”

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Theoretical and Experimental Studies of Low-Temperature Dehulling Process of High-Oil Sunflower Under a Centrifugal Field

Perevalov¹,

Golodnjak²,

Демидов³

et al. 2021

ITE

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Appearance of high-oily sunflower seeds with oil content 52–54 % in the 60’s of the last century, led to revolutionary changes in raw material base of the fat-and-oil industry, but caused difficulties in the process of its storage and processing due to the morphological structure features and biochemical composition of fruit coat. Overcoming of the main technological disadvantages for high-oily sunflower seeds during dehulling was achieved due to development of an innovative dehulling technology for seeds in frozen state to sub-zero temperatures, which was developed at the technology of fats and fermentation products department of NTU “KhPI”. This paper presents results of experimental study of sunflower variety Ukrainian F1 high-oily seeds dehulling (dehulling coefficient and kernel content coefficient) depending on the temperature change (0–-196°C) and centrifugal dehullerꞌs rotor rotation speed. It has been shown that rational dehulling conditions for dry seeds, which allow to reach maximum dehulling depth (K0 = 0,99) under conditions of minimum outputs of chaff and oilseed dust, are cooling temperature in the range of -30–-50°C and dehullerꞌs rotation speed 26,7 s-1. Based on the literature data and research results, it has been shown that one of the main reasons of dry seeds dehulling coefficient increasing, during the transition from plus to minus temperatures, is a change in basic physicochemical properties of cellulose fibers (the basis of fruit coats biochemical composition) with a solid adsorption surface towards increasing of its strength. According to a special experiment data in relation to change in aggregate state of sunflower oil in temperature range from +20ºС to -196ºС, it was shown that cellulose fibers with adsorbed oil are practically the only component of fruit coat, which increases its plasticity with decreasing temperature. It is noted that fruit coat plasticity increases most significantly in temperature range -30 – -50°C, when oil obtain a plasticine-like consistency. This is exactly what temperature range where minimum yield of chaff and oilseed dust is observed, i.e. the highest dehulling quality is achieved. Obtained scientific results of this study make a significant contribution to the theory and practice of oil seeds dehulling, which have structural and compositional features of the fruit coat.

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The Hydrolysis of Lignin

Cited by 8 publications

References 43 publications

Multigene phylogeny reveals eusociality evolved twice in vespid wasps

Multigene phylogeny reveals eusociality evolved twice in vespid wasps

On the Initiation process of pitting corrosion on austenitic stainless steel in chloride solutions

Theoretical and Experimental Studies of Low-Temperature Dehulling Process of High-Oil Sunflower Under a Centrifugal Field

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