The hygrothermal degradation of PET in laminated multilayer

Dubelley, Florence; Planès, Émilie; Bas, Corine; Pons, Emmanuelle; Yrieix, Bernard; Flandin, Lionel

doi:10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2016.12.004

Cited by 32 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…It is well know that PET undergoes both oxidation [17,18] and hydrolysis [19], both of which lead to chain scission in the polymer. It has been chosen to focus this study mainly on hydrolysis of the polymer because the chemical reactions are known [20], the main influencing parameters have been studied, and prediction of this degradation is possible using a kinetic model [21,22]. Considering mechanical property change during degradation, it is well known that semi crystalline polymers undergo a transition from ductile behaviour (i.e.…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of hydrolytic degradation on mechanical properties of PET - Towards an understanding of microplastics formation

Arhant

Gall

Gac

et al. 2019

Polymer Degradation and Stability

113

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Ocean pollution by microplastics, i.e. small pieces of plastic of less than 5 mm, is one of the major concerns for the future of our planet. Secondary microplastics formation is due to fragmentation of macroplastic waste. This fragmentation can be attributed to environmental loadings such as waves, winds and tides, coupled with a change in mechanical properties of polymers induced by UV and seawater ageing. This study aims to characterize and understand changes in the mechanical behaviour of Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) induced by hydrolysis, especially for high degradation levels. Thin films (200 microns) of PET were aged in water at temperatures from 110 °C to 80 °C for up to 150 days. Embrittlement occurs with chain scission during hydrolysis when molar mass of the polymer falls below 17 kg/mol. When the polymer is brittle, i.e. for high levels of degradation, the stress at break decreases linearly with the molar mass, and can be described by a simple mathematical expression.

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Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of hydrolytic degradation on mechanical properties of PET - Towards an understanding of microplastics formation

Arhant

Gall

Gac

et al. 2019

Polymer Degradation and Stability

113

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The second absorption band at 1,685 cm −1 can be associated to carbonyl linked to carboxylic acids (COOH). Indeed, compared to the literature (Gulmine et al, 2003; Du et al, 2014; Dubelley et al, 2017b), the carbonyl stretching vibration of carboxylic acids appears 20 cm −1 lower compared to the associated ester. The formation of carboxylic acids during aging was confirmed by the gradual increase of the absorption band at 1,408 (δ OH ), 1,280 (υ OH ), and 930 cm −1 (γ OH ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 51%

“…This dissolution can be explained by the hydrolysis of PET or the PU adhesive. PET hydrolysis is a well-known phenomenon (Dubelley et al, 2017b). The authors reported the hydrolysis of PET in the multilayer in the same condition that leads to the formation of carboxyl group by chain scission after 400 days of aging.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Durability of Polymer Metal Multilayer: Focus on the Adhesive Chemical Degradation

et al. 2018

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Mechanical toughness and high barriers to air and water may be combined in a polymer–metal multilayer film, provided that the two materials are properly bonded together. Delamination is indeed the most severe flaw observed in service. This suggests that the polyurethane (PU) adhesive at the polymer–metal interface fails to bear the shear forces, as happens principally if a multilayer system is submitted to elevated temperature and humidity. A Raman microscopy of the multilayer revealed a cohesive delamination, with glue on both the surfaces. A detailed investigation of the kinetic of degradation of the polyester was therefore carried out. IR spectroscopy of the standalone PU film hydrolyzed in a controlled manner furnished a series of aging markers. The reference curve was established for approximately a year in continuous severe aging conditions. This curve could be further used to compare the amount of degradation in real systems in a wide range of conditions and time. Moreover, at the metallized interphase, a complex with a free hydroxyl group was detected. The content of this AlIII complex based on terephthalate or carbamate increases with the progress of the ester hydrolysis reactionin the layer.

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“…Chain cleavage of the aliphatic chain within the backbone results in a reduction of molecular weight and initial viscosity, which leads to a deterioration of mechanical properties . Newly formed shorter polymer chains are more mobile and able to accumulate on the lamellar surface of newly formed crystallites known as chemocrystallization . Therefore, after aging, the initial degree of crystallization is increased for the amount of crystals formed by chemo‐ and/or recrystallization (physical aging), which gives rise to embrittlement of the material and cracking and/or delamination of the backsheet (see Figure ) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Increased reliability of modified polyolefin backsheet over commonly used polyester backsheets for crystalline PV modules

Omazic

Oreški

Edler

et al. 2020

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The weathering stability of polymeric backsheets is very important for the reliability of photovoltaic (PV) modules. In addition to reliability, cost reduction and sustainability are upcoming challenges the PV backsheet industry is facing with. The most commonly used material for PV backsheets is poly(ethylene-terephthalate)-PET. However, PET is in general very sensitive to hydrolysis, which leads to chain scission and causes embrittlement, cracking, delamination, and dimensional instability of the backsheet. Compared to that newly developed modified polyolefin backsheets have favorable selective permeation properties and high mechanical flexibility, which could be key properties for backsheets in terms of higher PV module reliability. In this work, the weathering stability of PET/fluoropolymer backsheet and an alternative coextruded polyolefin-backsheet was investigated in terms of thermal and mechanical stability. Both materials were artificially aged and the changes caused by aging were investigated. The polyester-based backsheet showed embrittlement and reduced elongation at break for 70%. The polyolefin-based backsheet retained its mechanical flexibility even after 2000 h of aging under damp-heat conditions, with no significant physical or chemical aging processes occurring. The comparison of the results of both backsheets suggests that the polyolefin backsheet is a promising candidate for the reduction of cracks and delamination in the field.

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The hygrothermal degradation of PET in laminated multilayer

Cited by 32 publications

References 56 publications

Impact of hydrolytic degradation on mechanical properties of PET - Towards an understanding of microplastics formation

Impact of hydrolytic degradation on mechanical properties of PET - Towards an understanding of microplastics formation

Durability of Polymer Metal Multilayer: Focus on the Adhesive Chemical Degradation

Increased reliability of modified polyolefin backsheet over commonly used polyester backsheets for crystalline PV modules

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