The hyoid triangle

Bibby, R.E.; Preston, C. B.

doi:10.1016/0002-9416(81)90199-8

Cited by 140 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…In the present study, the MP-h measurement (which determines the distance between the hyoid bone and mandibular plane 29 ) did not differ between mouth and nose breathing children, probably because this distance normally increases with age 26 . In children, obstruction of the airway is more common at the level of the nasopharynx and oropharynx, rather than in the musculature relating to the hyoid bone 10,11 as observed in adult patients 3,26 .…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 44%

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Mouth breathing children have cephalometric patterns similar to those of adult patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome

Juliano

Machado

Carvalho

et al. 2009

Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr.

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-Objective: To determine whether mouth breathing children present the same cephalometric patterns as patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Method: Cephalometric variables were traced and measured on vertical lateral cephalometric radiographs. The cephalometric measurements of 52 mouth and 90 nose breathing children were compared with apneic patients. The children had not undergone adenoidectomy or tonsillectomy and had not had or were not receiving orthodontic or orthopedic treatment. Results: Mouth breathing children showed same cephalometric pattern observed in patients with OSAS: a tendency to have a retruded mandible (p=0.05), along with greater inclination of the mandibular and occlusal planes (p<0.01) and a tendency to have greater inclination of the upper incisors (p=0.08). The nasopharyngeal and posterior airway spaces were greatly reduced in mouth breathing children, as observed in patients with apnea (p<0.01). Conclusion: Mouth breathing children present abnormal cephalometric parameters and their craniofacial morphology resembles that of patients with OSAS.Key WOrdS: cephalometry, mouth breathing, obstructive sleep apnea.crianças respiradoras bucais apresentam padrão cefalométrico semelhante àquele observado em pacientes adultos com síndrome da apnéia obstrutiva do sono resumo -Objetivo: determinar se crianças respiradoras bucais apresentam o mesmo padrão cefalométrico que os pacientes que tem síndrome da apnéia obstrutiva do sono (SAOS). Método: Foram traçadas radiografias laterais verticais da cabeça para a mensuração das variáveis cefalométricas. As medidas cefalométricas de 52 crianças respiradoras bucais e de 90 crianças respiradoras nasais foram comparadas à de pacientes com apnéia. Foram excluídas as crianças que haviam sido submetidas à cirurgia de remoção de amídalas ou adenóides, ou que haviam recebido tratamento ortodôntico prévio ou em andamento. Resultados: As crianças respiradoras bucais apresentaram o mesmo padrão cefalométrico observado em pacientes com SAOS: tendência a ter retrusão de mandíbula (p=0,05), assim como uma maior inclinação dos planos mandibular e oclusal (p<0,01) e tendência a ter maior inclinação dos incisivos superiores (p=0,08). O espaço da nasofaringe e o espaço aéreo posterior se apresentaram muito diminuídos nas crianças respiradoras bucais, como é observado em pacientes com SAOS (p<0,01). Conclusão: Crianças respiradoras bucais apresentam padrão cefalométrico alterado e sua morfologia craniofacial é semelhante àquela observada em pacientes com SAOS.PAlAvrAS-ChAve: cefalometria, respiração bucal, apnéia obstrutiva do sono. Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) in adults is characterized by repeated episodes of cessation of breathing during sleep. These episodes result from obstruction of the upper airways, which collapse at different levels ranging from the nasal fossae to the lower portion of the hypopharynx 1 . The nocturnal symptoms include snoring, restless sleep, frequent arousals, apneas and excessive sweating. The daytime problems...

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 44%

“…Comparison of these variables between the two groups and with the adult apneic pattern showed shorter distances between the hyoid bone and both the C 3 vertebra and the mandibular plane in the two groups of children, with no significant difference regarding the position of the hyoid bone. 3,25,26,29 . …”

Section: Position Of the Hyoid Bonementioning

confidence: 99%

Mouth breathing children have cephalometric patterns similar to those of adult patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome

Juliano

Machado

Carvalho

et al. 2009

Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr.

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“…2,5,6 The hyoid is unique in that it does not articulate with any other bone and its position is determined by many muscles and ligaments. 7 The hyoid has been reported to move inferoposteriorly immediately after mandibular setback surgery and return close to its initial position during retention periods. [4][5][6]8,9 However, many of the previous studies are focused on the skeletal and soft tissue changes after mandibular setback surgery via sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes of Hyoid, Tongue and Pharyngeal Airway after Mandibular Setback Surgery by Intraoral Vertical Ramus Osteotomy

Hwang

Chung

Choi

et al. 2010

The Angle Orthodontist

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Objective: To assess changes in hyoid, tongue, pharyngeal airway, and head posture in patients who had mandibular setback surgery by intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy (IVRO) and to investigate the influence of LeFort I osteotomy. Materials and Methods: Sixty patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion were evaluated. All patients had mandibular setback surgery via IVRO, and 45 patients had additional maxillary impaction surgery via LeFort I osteotomy. Lateral cephalograms were taken before, immediately after, approximately 1 month after, and at least 1 year after surgery. Parameters indicating the hyoid, tongue, pharyngeal airway, and head posture were evaluated. Results: The hyoid significantly moved inferoposteriorly immediately after surgery and relapsed superoanteriorly during observation periods. The tongue significantly moved posteriorly during all periods. The final position of the hyoid and tongue was significantly posterior, and the final pharyngeal airway was significantly narrower compared with its presurgical position. Significant cervical hyperflection occurred during observation periods and was strongly correlated with anterior movement of the hyoid. The hyoid and tongue showed similar positions regardless of the presence of different genders or LeFort I osteotomy after the long-term observation period. Conclusions: The hyoid and tongue moved posteriorly after mandibular setback surgery via IVRO, and there was a tendency to relapse back to its original position. However, the final pharyngeal airway width remained narrower after the long-term observation period. Based on our results, careful monitoring of the airway may be needed after mandibular setback surgery via IVRO. (Angle Orthod. 2010;80:302-308.)

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“…3 It is the only bone of the body that has no bony articulations. The hyoid bone and its connecting muscles are also part of the oropharyngeal complex.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental Changes in Pharyngeal Airway Depth and Hyoid Bone Position from Childhood to Young Adulthood

Sheng

Lin

et al. 2009

The Angle Orthodontist

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Objective: (1) To test the hypothesis that there are no developmental changes in the pharyngeal airway depth and hyoid bone position from childhood to adulthood in normal Taiwanese persons, (2) to identify any sexual dimorphism, and (3) to find the predictive value of selective variables for the hyoid bone position. Materials and Methods: Lateral cephalometric radiographs of 239 normal Taiwanese (132 females and 107 males; aged 7-27 years) were separated into three stages according to dental age. Twenty-three linear and 20 angular measurements were made in all subjects. Sexual dimorphism was analyzed by Student's t-test. Analysis of variance was used to compare the three stages in both genders. A stepwise regression analysis was carried out to predict the hyoid bone position. The level of significance for all analyses was set at P Ͻ .05. Results:The pharyngeal airway depth increased from the mixed dentition stage to the permanent dentition stage in both genders. There was sexual dimorphism in the lower pharyngeal airway depth. The hyoid bone position showed an obvious difference in the permanent dentition stages between genders. The vertical position of the hyoid bone was associated with the mandibular morphology and position, but the relationship in males was reversed compared with that in females. Conclusions:The hypothesis was rejected. There are developmental changes in the pharyngeal airway depth and hyoid position from childhood to young adulthood. Sexual dimorphism appeared in the lower pharyngeal airway and the direction of change in the vertical position of the hyoid bone. (Angle Orthod. 2009;79:484-490.)

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The hyoid triangle

Cited by 140 publications

References 9 publications

Mouth breathing children have cephalometric patterns similar to those of adult patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome

Mouth breathing children have cephalometric patterns similar to those of adult patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome

Changes of Hyoid, Tongue and Pharyngeal Airway after Mandibular Setback Surgery by Intraoral Vertical Ramus Osteotomy

Developmental Changes in Pharyngeal Airway Depth and Hyoid Bone Position from Childhood to Young Adulthood

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