The hyporheic zone: Linking groundwater and surface water—understanding the paradigm

Biksey, Thomas M.; Gross, Elisa D.

doi:10.1002/rem.1025

Cited by 26 publications

(21 citation statements)

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“…The lateral hyporheic area has been observed to vary by as much as 50% during the course of a year in a semiarid environment (Wroblicky et al, 1998). This zone is very dynamic (Biksey and Gross, 2001) and can also be a contaminant sink (Fuller and Harvey, 2000; Winde and van der Walt, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Barium and High Explosives in a Semiarid Alluvial System, Cañon de Valle, New Mexico

Reid¹,

Reneau

Newman

et al. 2005

Vadose Zone Journal

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Concentrations and distributions of Ba, a component of the high et al., 2001), constructed wetlands (Best et al., 1999), zeroexplosive baritol, and RDX (hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine), valent iron (Comfort et al., 2003), and monitored natural a high explosive, were evaluated from 1996 to 2002 within a semiarid alluvial system in Cañ on de Valle, New Mexico. A high explosive attenuation (Pennington et al., 2001). machining facility discharged effluent containing these chemicals to Identifying the key surface and subsurface transport the canyon from 1951 to 1996. The connectivity between alluvial processes of high explosive contamination is critical to groundwater, surface water, and sediment was specifically addressed modeling transport and predicting contaminant concento understand the distributions and dynamics of Ba and RDX in trations in environmental media (Pennington and Branthe alluvial system. Surface water, groundwater, and sediment were non, 2002). However, we are unaware of any studies characterized by conducting hydrologic measurements, geomorphic that have focused on high explosives and Ba contaminamapping, and collecting samples. Barium and RDX in sediment preftion in alluvial and vadose zone canyon settings. In addierentially reside in fine-grained deposits that represent the suspended tion, studies that have examined contaminants in alluvial load redeposited on floodplains following channel scour. However, canyon settings do not typically consider all of the hydro-RDX and Ba show markedly different behaviors in surface water and geomorphic components (e.g., surface water, groundalluvial groundwater because of contrasting geochemical characteristics and transport mechanisms. Barium precipitates in sediments as water, unsaturated bedrock, and canyon bottom soils barite and witherite and readily sorbs to sediment minerals. Therefore, and sediments). Previous studies of contaminated minsediment transport is an important control on its distribution in the ing sites have partially focused on hydrologic conneccanyon. In contrast, RDX appears to occur predominantly in the tions between groundwater and surface water, as well dissolved phase, behaves conservatively, and is most significant in as the role of contaminant exchange between the two groundwater. There is a strong correlation between RDX concentra-(e.g., Fuller and Harvey, 2000; Winde and van der Walt, tions in water and the saturated thickness of the alluvial aquifer. 2004). However, these do not explicitly include interac-During prolonged wet periods, the alluvial aquifer enlarges, causing tions between the unsaturated zone, canyon bottom sedmore RDX to be mobilized within the alluvial system. Subsurface iments, and the surface water and groundwater systems. processes in the alluvial aquifer are therefore most important in con-A geomorphic approach has proven effective in identitrolling present RDX transport, whereas surface processes associated fying the sources and distribution of contaminants in with floods are most important in cont...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Barium and High Explosives in a Semiarid Alluvial System, Cañon de Valle, New Mexico

Reid¹,

Reneau

Newman

et al. 2005

Vadose Zone Journal

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“…Infiltrated stream water contribution to site water balance was calculated using Guelf permeameter-derived saturated hydraulic conductivity (k sat D 2Ð5 cm day 1 ), average potential gradient between stream and groundwater (head/distance: 0Ð085; see Figure 9) and Darcy's equation for saturated flow. Small-diameter piezometers are frequently used to measure the hydraulic gradient between surface water and groundwater (Biksey and Gross, 2001) and allow for the determination of directional water flux. This measurement was used to verify the accuracy of the site water balance estimation of hyporheic input.…”

Section: Propagation Of Errors and Independent Measurement Of Hyporhementioning

confidence: 99%

Riparian influence on hyporheic‐zone formation downstream of a small dam in the Blackland Prairie region of Texas

Duke

White

Allen

et al. 2006

Hydrological Processes

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Abstract:Small-order streams have highly variable flows that can result in large temporal and spatial variation of the hyporheic zone. Dam construction along these intermittent headwater streams alters downstream flow and influences the hydrologic balance between stream water and the adjacent riparian zone. A 3-year site study was conducted along an impounded second-order stream to determine the water balance between stream, unsaturated zone, groundwater and riparian vegetation. The presence of the upstream impoundment provided near-perennial water flow in the stream channel. The observed woody plant transpiration accounted for 71% of average annual water loss in the site. The overall contribution of stream water via the hyporheic zone to site water balance was 73 cm, or 44% of total inputs. This exceeded both rainfall and upland subsurface contribution to the site. A highly dynamic hyporheic zone was indicated by high water use from woody plants that fluctuated seasonally with stream water levels. We found leaf area development in the canopy layer to be closely coupled with stream and groundwater fluctuations, indicating its usefulness as a potential indicator of site water balance for small dam systems. The net result of upstream impoundment increased riparian vegetation productivity by influencing movement of stream water to storage in the groundwater system.

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“…The hydro-biogeochemistry controls the cycling of nutrients, such as carbon, nitrogen, and phosphate, the migration and propagation of pathogens, and the transformation and attenuation of heavy metals and contaminants (Boulton et al, 1998;Herzog et al, 2016;Siergieiev et al, 2014). The HZ biogeochemical functions such as attenuating and removing contaminants have been increasingly recognized in the research community (e.g., Biksey & Gross, 2001;Gandy et al, 2007;Herzog et al, 2016;Lawrence et al, 2013;Palumbo-Roe et al, 2017). Landmeyer et al (2010) found that several fuel oxygenates (methyl tert-butyl ether, tert-butyl alcohol, and tert-amyl methyl ether) in GW were attenuated by 71% on average along a 1.5-m vertical interval of the HZ.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Model‐Based Analysis of the Effects of Dam‐Induced River Water and Groundwater Interactions on Hydro‐Biogeochemical Transformation of Redox Sensitive Contaminants in a Hyporheic Zone

Yang

Zhang

Liu

et al. 2018

Water Resources Research

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Biogeochemical processes in the hyporheic zone (HZ) may retard the contaminants migration from groundwater to the river and vice versa. Anthropogenic activities may further complicate such processes. This study investigated the effects of dam‐induced hydrodynamics on biogeochemical transformation of contaminants using Cr as an example in the HZ of the Columbia River at the U.S. Department of Energy's Hanford Site. The flow velocities in the HZ were first simulated using the measured or averaged groundwater level and river stage at hourly, daily, weekly, and monthly time scales. The flow velocities were then incorporated into a reactive transport model with independently characterized biogeochemical reactions and kinetics. Simulation results indicated that hydrodynamics can significantly influence the rate and extent of Cr (VI) biogeochemical transformation, which was mainly controlled by the kinetic reduction of Cr (VI) to sparely soluble Cr (III) by sediment‐associated Fe (II) that can be regenerated by microorganisms with organic carbon as electron donor. The frequent flow direction reversals in the HZ induced by dam operations enhanced the rate of microbial consumption of bioavailable OC, which, if there was no organic carbon supply, can eventually terminate the Fe (II) regeneration mechanism and exhaust the HZ's redox capacity in reducing Cr (VI) to Cr (III). This study demonstrated the importance of hydrodynamics on biogeochemical transformation of contaminants in the HZ and of the time scales used in assessing the reactive transport of chemicals and contaminants in the HZ as the net supply of redox sensitive chemicals such as dissolved oxygen into the HZ is a function of the frequency of flow direction reversal.

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The hyporheic zone: Linking groundwater and surface water—understanding the paradigm

Cited by 26 publications

References 1 publication

Barium and High Explosives in a Semiarid Alluvial System, Cañon de Valle, New Mexico

Barium and High Explosives in a Semiarid Alluvial System, Cañon de Valle, New Mexico

Riparian influence on hyporheic‐zone formation downstream of a small dam in the Blackland Prairie region of Texas

Model‐Based Analysis of the Effects of Dam‐Induced River Water and Groundwater Interactions on Hydro‐Biogeochemical Transformation of Redox Sensitive Contaminants in a Hyporheic Zone

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