The<i>Arabidopsis</i>embryo as a quantifiable model for studying pattern formation

Harnvanichvech, Yosapol; Gorelova, Vera; Sprakel, Joris; Weijers, Dolf

doi:10.1017/qpb.2021.3

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 158 publications

(203 reference statements)

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“…In cell-walled organisms, there are several examples of envelopes that surround the embryo and maintain its mechanical balance. In Arabidopsis, a recent study reported a transient proteinaceous envelope around early globular-stage embryo (Harnvanichvech et al, 2023). It is thought to control the outward mechanical forces exerted by cell turgor in embryo cells, that escapes the control of the surrounding endosperm, which is deflating at that stage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The longitudinal growth of the embryo of the kelpSaccharinadepends on actin filaments that control the formation of an alginate corset in the cell wall

Boscq,

Theodorou,

Milstein

et al. 2024

Preprint

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The initiation of embryogenesis in the kelpSaccharina latissimais accompanied by significant anisotropy in cell shape. Using monoclonal antibodies, we show that this anisotropy coincides with a spatio-temporal pattern of accumulation of alginates in the cell wall of the zygote and embryo. Alginates rich in guluronates as well as sulphated fucans show a homogeneous distribution in the embryo throughout Phase I of embryogenesis, but mannuronate alginates accumulate mainly on the sides of the zygote and embryo, disappearing as the embryo enlarges at the start of Phase II. This pattern depends on the presence of cortical actin filaments. In contrast, within the embryo lamina, the alginate composition of the walls newly formed by cytokinesis is not affected by the depolymerisation of actin filaments. Thus, in addition to revealing the existence of a mannuronate-rich alginate corset that may restrict the enlargement of the zygote and the embryo, thereby promoting the formation of the apico-basal growth axis, we demonstrate stage- and cytoskeleton-dependent differences in cell wall deposition inSaccharinaembryos.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The longitudinal growth of the embryo of the kelpSaccharinadepends on actin filaments that control the formation of an alginate corset in the cell wall

Boscq,

Theodorou,

Milstein

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…Second, given the likely crosslinked proteinaceous nature of the envelope, the envelope could also serve a mechanical role. Plant developmental processes, in particular tissue patterning -which is crucial during embryogenesis (Palovaara et al, 2017;Harnvanichvech et al, 2021;Dresselhaus & Jurgens, 2021) -require a precise balance between outward directed osmotic forces, which are usually counterbalanced by tensile stresses in the stiff plant cell walls . In early stages of embryogenesis, cell walls need to accommodate substantial growth and thus need to be plastic and malleable (Malinowski& Filipecki, 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An elastic proteinaceous envelope encapsulates the earlyArabidopsisembryo

Harnvanichvech

Borassi

Daghma

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Plant external surfaces are often covered by barriers that control the exchange of molecules, protect from pathogens, and offer mechanical integrity. A key question is when and how such surface barriers are generated. Post-embryonic surfaces have well-studied barriers, including the cuticle, and late Arabidopsis embryo was shown to be protected by an endosperm-derived sheath deposited onto a primordial cuticle. Here we show that both cuticle and sheath are preceded by another structure during the earliest stages of embryogenesis. This structure, which we named the embryonic envelope, is tightly wrapped around the embryonic surface but can be physically detached by cell wall digestion. We show that this structure is composed primarily of Extensin and Arabinogalactan O-glycoproteins and lipids, which appear to form a dense and elastic crosslinked embryonic envelope. The envelope forms in cuticle-deficient mutants and in a mutant that lacks endosperm. This embryo-derived envelope is therefore distinct from previously described cuticle and sheath structures. We propose that it acts as an expandable diffusion barrier, as well as a means to mechanically confine the embryo to maintain its tensegrity during early embryogenesis.

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“…Following the minimal surface area, the nucleus and thus shortest cell division plane is positioned in the geometrical center of the cell, creating a symmetrical division (van Dop et al, 2015;Yoshida et al, 2014). However, plant cells can also disobey the minimal surface area rule, resulting in asymmetric division with daughter cells of unequal volumes and different cell fates (Harnvanichvech et al, 2021;Ramalho et al, 2022;Yoshida et al, 2014). In the B. napus and Arabidopsis zygotic embryo, the first division of the zygote is asymmetric, giving rise to two daughter cells with different fates .…”

Section: Cell Division Plane and Cell Fatementioning

confidence: 99%

From microspore to haploid embryo : Dissecting the key molecular and cellular factors driving microspore embryogenesis

Siemons

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The main aim of this thesis is to dissect the key molecular and cellular factors involved in Brassica napus in vitro microspore embryogenesis. Microspore embryogenesis is a form of in vitro totipotency where the male gametophyte is reprogrammed to form haploid embryos, usually after exposure to an abiotic stress treatment. Induced embryogenic structures can follow different developmental pathways that can be similar or very different to zygotic embryogenesis. In this Chapter, a comparison is made between zygotic embryogenesis and in vitro microspore embryogenesis. The similarities and differences between these two types of embryogenesis are discussed, focusing on their development and transcriptional regulation.The role of the hormone auxin and the role of histone acetylation are also discussed in detail.Totipotency is defined as the ability of a single cell to form an entire organism . The single-celled zygote is the only totipotent cell that can form an entire organism during normal sexual reproduction. Remarkably, many other plant cells are also totipotent and develop into embryos in the absence of fertilization, either via asexual reproduction or in vitro in response to an inducer treatment . Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is a form of plant cell totipotency where embryos are formed from vegetative cells, generating plants with the same genetic composition and ploidy level as the donor plant (i.e., clones). SE occurs naturally in the ovule tissues of some apomictic plants and along the leaf margins of other plants (Garcês et al., 2007;Ozias-Akins & Conner, 2020), but can also be induced in vitro in many different cells in a wide range of model and crop plants . In addition to SE, both male and female gametophytic cells can also form embryos without fertilization in a process called gametophytic embryogenesis (Reynolds, 1997; Soriano et al., 2013b). In some apomictic species, diploid embryos develop spontaneously from an egg cell formed without meiotic recombination or chromosome reduction (parthenogenesis) .Isolated haploid gametophytic cells can also be induced in vitro to form haploid embryos, but in this case the embryos are derived from meiotically produced cells and are genetically distinct from the mother plant. Haploid embryogenesis from the female gametophyte/egg cell, as in apomicts, is called gynogenesis or parthenogenesis , while haploid embryogenesis from the male gametophyte/pollen grain is termed androgenesis or microspore embryogenesis (ME) (Dong et al., 2021;Hale et al., 2022;. In both cases, the resulting haploid embryo can be converted into a Embryo proper development begins with a transverse division of the distal-most suspensor cell, which continues to divide like the typical ordered zygotic embryo .Suspensors can also develop as small protrusions or with multiple cell files , which are observed in the low response genotype DH12075 used in this study. However, it is not known if these embryos develop in a similar way to suspensor embryos in Topas DH4079 cultures, i.e., first the development of...

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TheArabidopsisembryo as a quantifiable model for studying pattern formation

Cited by 7 publications

References 158 publications

The longitudinal growth of the embryo of the kelpSaccharinadepends on actin filaments that control the formation of an alginate corset in the cell wall

The longitudinal growth of the embryo of the kelpSaccharinadepends on actin filaments that control the formation of an alginate corset in the cell wall

An elastic proteinaceous envelope encapsulates the earlyArabidopsisembryo

From microspore to haploid embryo : Dissecting the key molecular and cellular factors driving microspore embryogenesis

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