TheDrosophila apterous^56fmutation impairs circadian locomotor activity

Abstract

We investigated effects of apterous mutation ap56f on circadian locomotor activity, eclosion rhythms, and transcript levels of period and timeless in Drosophila. We investigated circadian locomotor activity and eclosion rhythms in ap56fand wild-type flies, their F1 and F2 offspring, and wingless vestigial mutants and show that ap56f disrupts circadian locomotor rhythms in a genetically recessive manner, that is not caused by the absence of wings. The apblt strain also showed impaired circadian activity rhythms, providing independent evidence for a significant role of apterous in circadian locomotor rhythm expression. The ap56f mutation did not disrupt a circadian eclosion rhythm or rhythmic expression of the period and timeless clock genes, indicating that apterous is not essential for circadian clock function, but is necessary for coupling locomotor activity to a circadian clock. Timeless transcription was reduced in ap56f flies in 12:12 LD, suggesting that apterous may modulate core clock gene expression.

Farming systems in sheep rearing: Impact on growth and reproductive performance, nutrient digestibility, disease incidence and heat stress indices

“…Both seasonal influence and its interactions with farming systems were also noticed with higher scores in summer season. Similar relation of panting score with heat stress was proposed by several author [ 6 , 19 – 21 ]. Panting score is a measure of respiratory rate and body temperature.…”

“…The lipid peroxidation increases the fragility of RBC membrane, consequently increasing the EOF [ 24 , 25 ]. During heat stress periods, the high panting score led- respiratory alkalosis will increase the fragility of RBC, thereby increasing the EOF [ 6 ]. Few authors reported the increased EOF even in extreme cold climatic seasons [ 26 ] or transport stress [ 25 ], revealing that the EOF could be increased in stress, irrespective of the type.…”

“…In corroboration, Papanastasiou and Bartzanas (2014) [ 27 ] found that wind speed was not a strong factor in influencing heat-stress levels. On the contrary, Reddy et al (2019) [ 21 ] revealed a significant negative correlation between heat stress indices and wind speed [ 6 ]. The authors revealed that wind speed possesses an ameliorating effect on the higher THI.…”

“…Panting scores, a proxy of body temperature, could be easily recorded without disturbing the animals. Erythrocyte osmotic fragility (EOF) tests is another simple, yet effective method in measuring both heat load status and thermal resilience of sheep [ 6 ].…”

Circadian typology is related to emotion regulation, metacognitive beliefs and assertiveness in healthy adults

“…In this line, evening-type persons, who are the mainly social jet-lag sufferers, must perform different functions (sleep and wake-up, eat, work, study, child care, etc.) in a schedule that is unadjusted to their biological clock, which might be understood as upstream swim, that might result in higher fatigue as it has been observed in previous works [83][84][85]. In this line, longitudinal studies are needed to analyze if this worse emotion regulation strategies together with the maladaptive metacognitive style and the lower assertiveness observed in those participants closer to the eveningness pole might be the result of this higher fatigue.…”