The <i>Drosophila</i> Toll Signaling Pathway

Valanne, Susanna; Wang, Jinghuan; Rämet, Mika

doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1002302

Cited by 773 publications

(663 citation statements)

References 108 publications

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“…Four of five known profile χ immune genes are Toll-like proteins and peptidoglycan recognition proteins. Toll-pathway and peptidoglycan recognition proteins are used for defense against bacteria and fungi (25,26), and therefore the profile χ expression pattern and associated genomic blocks might be related to immunity against these microbiota. Nonconserved genomic regions were underrepresented significantly in all three profiles (P = 7 × 10 −5 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-block expression-assisted association studies discover malaria resistance genes in Anopheles gambiae

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The malaria parasite-resistance island (PRI) of the African mosquito vector, Anopheles gambiae, was mapped to five genomic regions containing 80 genes, using coexpression patterns of genomic blocks. High-throughput sequencing identified 347 nonsynonymous single-nucleotide polymorphisms within these genes in mosquitoes from malaria-endemic areas in Kenya. Direct association studies between nonsynonymous single-nucleotide polymorphisms and Plasmodium falciparum infection identified three naturally occurring genetic variations in each of three genes (An. gambiae adenosine deaminase, fibrinogen-related protein 30, and fibrinogenrelated protein 1) that were associated significantly with parasite infection. A role for these genes in the resistance phenotype was confirmed by RNA interference knockdown assays. Silencing fibrinogen-related protein 30 increased parasite infection significantly, whereas ablation of fibrinogen-related protein 1 transcripts resulted in mosquitoes nearly free of parasites. The discovered genes and single-nucleotide polymorphisms are anticipated to be useful in the development of tools for malaria control in endemic areas in Africa.synteny | genomics | traits | chromosomal domains | gene expression

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-block expression-assisted association studies discover malaria resistance genes in Anopheles gambiae

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…4). The mussel genes expressed in response to bacteria likely constitute a complete pathway from TLR to NF-jB, similar to Toll/TLR pathways traced in model species; however, the involvement and the role of intermediate transcript elements is still hypothetical as based on functional analogy (Valanne et al, 2011). The expression of MgIKK-1 (IKK-a/b sub-group) and MgNEMO (IKK-c) genes are both induced by injection of bacteria, however with less intensity for MgNEMO.…”

Section: Tablementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The cell signaling pathway triggered by Gram-positive bacteria and fungal infections, known as Toll pathway, has been described completely in insects (Valanne et al, 2011). Another cell signaling cascade, the IMD (immune deficiency) pathway regulates the insect response to Gram-negative bacterial infections (Lemaitre and Hoffmann, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toll signal transduction pathway in bivalves: Complete cds of intermediate elements and related gene transcription levels in hemocytes of immune stimulated Mytilus galloprovincialis

Toubiana

Rosani

Giambelluca

et al. 2014

Developmental & Comparative Immunology

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a b s t r a c tBased on protein domain structure and organization deduced from mRNA contigs, 15 transcripts of the Toll signaling pathway have been identified in the bivalve, Mytilus galloprovincialis. Identical searches performed on publicly available Mytilus edulis ESTs revealed 11 transcripts, whereas searches performed in genomic and new transcriptome sequences of the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, identified 21 Toll-related transcripts. The remarkable molecular diversity of TRAF and IKK coding sequences of C. gigas, suggests that the sequence data inferred from Mytilus cDNAs may not be exhaustive. Most of the Toll pathway genes were constitutively and ubiquitously expressed in M. galloprovincialis, although at different levels, and clearly induced after in vivo injection with bacteria. Such over-transcription was more rapid and intense with Gram-negative than with Gram-positive bacteria. Injection of a fungus modulated the transcription of few Toll pathway genes, with the induction levels of TLR/MyD88 complex being always less intense. Purified LPS and b-glucans had marginal effect whereas peptidoglycans were ineffective. At the moment, we found no evidence of an IMD transcript in bivalves. In conclusion, mussels possess a complete Toll pathway which can be triggered either by Gram-positive or Gram-negative bacteria.

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“…For example, in D. melangastor, the Toll-like receptor pathway is involved in the response to microbial infection. On immune stimulation, protease cascades lead to the activation of the cytokine Spatzle (33). In humans, the related pathway involves the Toll-like receptor (IL1-R1) and its respective ligand (IL-1) (34).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of TNF-induced apoptosis reveals 550 My of functional conservation

Quistad

Stotland

Barott

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The Precambrian explosion led to the rapid appearance of most major animal phyla alive today. It has been argued that the complexity of life has steadily increased since that event. Here we challenge this hypothesis through the characterization of apoptosis in reef-building corals, representatives of some of the earliest animals. Bioinformatic analysis reveals that all of the major components of the death receptor pathway are present in coral with high-predicted structural conservation with Homo sapiens. The TNF receptor-ligand superfamilies (TNFRSF/TNFSF) are central mediators of the death receptor pathway, and the predicted proteome of Acropora digitifera contains more putative coral TNFRSF members than any organism described thus far, including humans. This high abundance of TNFRSF members, as well as the predicted structural conservation of other death receptor signaling proteins, led us to wonder what would happen if corals were exposed to a member of the human TNFSF (HuTNFα). HuTNFα was found to bind directly to coral cells, increase caspase activity, cause apoptotic blebbing and cell death, and finally induce coral bleaching. Next, immortalized human T cells (Jurkats) expressing a functional death receptor pathway (WT) and a corresponding Fas-associated death domain protein (FADD) KO cell line were exposed to a coral TNFSF member (AdTNF1) identified and purified here. AdTNF1 treatment resulted in significantly higher cell death (P < 0.0001) in WT Jurkats compared with the corresponding FADD KO, demonstrating that coral AdTNF1 activates the H. sapiens death receptor pathway. Taken together, these data show remarkable conservation of the TNF-induced apoptotic response representing 550 My of functional conservation. evolution immunity | cytokines | Cnidarians | climate change | invertebrate immunity

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The Drosophila Toll Signaling Pathway

Cited by 773 publications

References 108 publications

Genome-block expression-assisted association studies discover malaria resistance genes in Anopheles gambiae

Genome-block expression-assisted association studies discover malaria resistance genes in Anopheles gambiae

Toll signal transduction pathway in bivalves: Complete cds of intermediate elements and related gene transcription levels in hemocytes of immune stimulated Mytilus galloprovincialis

Evolution of TNF-induced apoptosis reveals 550 My of functional conservation

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