The<i>in vitro</i>and<i>in vivo</i>effects of chlorpyrifos on acetylcholinesterase activity of rainbow trout brain

Topal, Ahmet; Şişecioğlu, Melda; Atamanalp, Muhammed; Işık, Alparslan; Yilmaz, Bahar D.

doi:10.1080/09712119.2015.1031776

Cited by 26 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…At present, there is no specific MRL for CLP-m in fish feed. The potential adverse effects of this pesticide are well researched in fish, but only for waterborne exposures (e.g Maryoung et al, 2015, Mhadhbi and Beiras, 2012, Xing et al, 2015b, Topal et al, 2016.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dietary pesticide chlorpyrifos-methyl affects arachidonic acid metabolism including phospholipid remodeling in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)

Sanden¹,

Olsvik²,

Søfteland³

et al. 2018

Aquaculture

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The pesticide chlorpyrifos-methyl (CLP-m) has been identified in plant ingredients intended for aquaculture feed production. To investigate systemic effects of CLP-m with emphasis on lipid metabolism, post-smolt Atlantic salmon were fed in duplicate (n=2) either diets with no CLP-m (Control) or CLP-m at different concentrations (0.1, 1.0 or 8.0 mg kg-1) for a total of 67 days (Low, Medium, High). Fish in all groups almost doubled their weight during the feeding trial from 262 ± 26g (mean ± SD) to 465 ± 64g (overall mean), with no significant effects on any growth parameters. There was a significant dosedependent inhibition of plasma cholinesterase activity (BuChE) after 67 days. The CLP-m biotransformation metabolite, TCP was detected in liver and bile, with low levels of the parent compound in the organs. Spleen somatic index decreased significantly with increasing dietary CLP-m intake. Hematocrit (%) decreased linearly with increasing dietary exposure to CLP-m after 30 days of exposure, but this decrease was less at 67 days of exposure. A significantly reduced content of arachidonic acid (ARA 20:4n-6), accompanied by a significantly increased content of the saturated fatty acid, palmitic acid (PA 16:0), was observed in liver phospholipids (PLs) with increasing dietary content of CLP-m. Major effects were seen on the PL classes in liver which showed a significantly decreased absolute content, possibly indicating inhibition of PL remodeling pathways or other membrane perturbation effects from CLP-m exposure. In conclusion, this study shows that the pesticide CLP-m is a relatively potent toxicant in Atlantic salmon, especially affecting liver PLs and ARA metabolism.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main target toxic effects of Chlorpyrifos (CLP) is an irreversible inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) (Boone and Chambers, 1997) which has also been suggested as a biomarker for CLP exposure in fish (Topal et al, 2016). CLP is activated to the oxon metabolite by cytochrome P450 systems (Racke, 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary pesticide chlorpyrifos-methyl affects arachidonic acid metabolism including phospholipid remodeling in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)

Sanden¹,

Olsvik²,

Søfteland³

et al. 2018

Aquaculture

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“…Contaminants released from various sources and entered into aquatic environment, , resulting in toxicity in aquatic organisms 10 . Many water sources have already been polluted by PCBs at different levels 11 12 .…”

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confidence: 99%

Enantio-alteration of gene transcription associated with bioconcentration in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) exposed to chiral PCB149

Chai

Cui

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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Enantioselective enrichment of chiral PCB149 (2,2’,3,4’,5’,6-hexachlorobiphenyl) was analysed in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) exposed to the racemate, (−)-PCB149, and (+)-PCB149. Greater enrichment of (−)-PCB149 compared to (+) PCB149 was observed following 0.5 ng/L exposure; however, as the exposure time and concentration increased, racemic enrichment was observed in adult fish exposed to the racemate. No biotransformation between the two isomers was observed in fish exposed to single enantiomers. When zebrafish were exposed to different forms of chiral PCB149, enantioselective expression of genes associated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) was observed in brain and liver tissues and enantioselective correlations between bioconcentration and target gene expression levels were observed in brain and liver tissues. The strong positive correlations between expression levels of target genes (alox5a and alox12) and PCB149 bioconcentration suggest that prolonged exposure to the racemate of chiral PCB149 may result in inflammation-associated diseases. Prolonged exposure to (−)-PCB149 may also affect metabolic pathways such as dehydrogenation and methylation in the brain tissues of adult zebrafish. Hepatic expression levels of genes related to the antioxidant system were significantly negatively correlated with bioconcentration following exposure to (+)-PCB149.

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“…Chlorpyrifos belongs to the organophosphate group of pesticides is highly neurotoxic. It irreversibly inhibits the acetylcholinesterase enzyme (Ahmad et al, 2015;Topal et al, 2016) in the brain, spinal cord, and the peripheral somatic and autonomic nervous system (Das et al, 2006). Chlorpyrifos causes irritation to the exposed skin, after systemic absorption, further responsible for a variety of systemic toxic insults both in human and animals (Krishnan et al, 2012;Shahzad et al, 2015).…”

Section: Research Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

Chlorpyrifos Induced Dermal Toxicity in Albino Rabbits

Riaz¹

2018

PVJ

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Organophosphates being acetylcholine esterase inhibitors are immoderately used as insecticides on a variety of agriculture crops. Toxicity of such compounds like chlorpyrifos (CPF) poses serious health issues to the individuals at risk. The concentrations below the probable occupational exposure were selected to ascertain the extent of dermal damage in experimentally exposed animals. To determine CPF induced dermal toxicity, a total of 24 adult albino rabbits of both genders and of the same age group was categorized as group A and B, respectively. Group A was further sub grouped into A1 (all males) and A2 (all females). Similarly, group B was divided into B1 (all males) and B2 (all females). Four different dosing sites of one square inch each were selected. For naked topical CPF application, each animal of sub group A1 and A2 topically dosed 500µl of 20%, 30% CPF ethanolic solution, its commercial formulation and ethanol (control) on four dosing sites separately. The dosage of CPF solutions (20% & 30%), commercial formulation and ethanol (control) were repeated every 24 hours for 72 hours and observed for 96 hours. Similar groups were made for occluded topical CPF. Treated animals were observed for gross dermal lesions (erythema scoring of varying grades). Skin tissues from treated sites were taken and processed for histopathological and morphometric changes. Erythema scoring was increased in animals treated with high doses of CPF both in different concentration and commercial preparations in a dose dependent response. The number of layers of erythema in chemically exposed skins of rabbits was also increased in dose dependent response both in naked and occluded groups. The dermal insult induced in both exposure concentrations at par with the commercial preparation indicated the level of toxicity of this compound and public health consequences might be predicted.

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Thein vitroandin vivoeffects of chlorpyrifos on acetylcholinesterase activity of rainbow trout brain

Cited by 26 publications

References 30 publications

Dietary pesticide chlorpyrifos-methyl affects arachidonic acid metabolism including phospholipid remodeling in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)

Dietary pesticide chlorpyrifos-methyl affects arachidonic acid metabolism including phospholipid remodeling in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)

Enantio-alteration of gene transcription associated with bioconcentration in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) exposed to chiral PCB149

Chlorpyrifos Induced Dermal Toxicity in Albino Rabbits

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