Aims. We obtained phase-resolved spectroscopy of the accreting millisecond X-ray pulsar SAX J1808.4-3658 during its outburst in 2008 to find a signature of the donor star, constrain its radial velocity semi-amplitude (K 2 ), and derive estimates for the pulsar mass. Methods. Using Doppler images of the Bowen region, we find a significant (≥8σ) compact spot at a position where the donor star is expected. If this is a signature of the donor star, we measure K em = 248 ± 20 km s −1 (1σ confidence), which represents a strict lower limit to K 2 . Also, the Doppler map of He II λ4686 shows the characteristic signature of the accretion disc, and there is a hint of enhanced emission that may be a result of tidal distortions in the accretion disc that are expected in very low mass-ratio interacting binaries.Results. The lower limit on K 2 leads to a lower limit on the mass function of f (M 1 ) ≥ 0.10 M . Applying the maximum K-correction gives 228 < K 2 < 322 km s −1 and a mass ratio of 0.051 < q < 0.072. Conclusions. Despite the limited S /N of the data, we were able to detect a signature of the donor star in SAX J1808.4−3658, although future observations during a new outburst are still needed to confirm this. If the derived K em is correct, the largest uncertainty in determining of the mass of the neutron star in SAX J1808.4-3658 using dynamical studies lies with the poorly known inclination.