The <i>Magnaporthe grisea</i> species complex and plant pathogenesis

Zhang, Haifeng; Zheng, Xiaobo; Zhang, Zhengguang

doi:10.1111/mpp.12342

Cited by 109 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 91 publications

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“…Appressoria that develop in water droplets, such as dew, generate very high turgor pressure to puncture the host leaf surface and colonize the tissues. The~40 megabase pair M. oryzae genome is transposon-rich and contains approximately 13,000 genes on 7 chromosomes (Zhang et al 2016b). Mechanisms of pathogenicity and cultivar specificity, resulting in a hemibiotrophic lifestyle, have been extensively studied for the rice blast fungus (Giraldo and Valent 2013;Liu et al 2014;Zhang et al 2016b).…”

Section: Fungal Taxonomy and Biologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The~40 megabase pair M. oryzae genome is transposon-rich and contains approximately 13,000 genes on 7 chromosomes (Zhang et al 2016b). Mechanisms of pathogenicity and cultivar specificity, resulting in a hemibiotrophic lifestyle, have been extensively studied for the rice blast fungus (Giraldo and Valent 2013;Liu et al 2014;Zhang et al 2016b). Initial cytological studies of "non-host resistance" have compared infection outcomes on the adapted and non-adapted hosts using M. oryzae isolates from the Oryza, Triticum, and Eleusine pathotypes and M. grisea isolates from Digitaria species.…”

Section: Fungal Taxonomy and Biologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Wheat blast disease: danger on the move

Cruz

Valent

2017

Trop. plant pathol.

218

214

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Wheat blast is caused by the fungus Magnaporthe oryzae Triticum pathotype (MoT). The potential for wheat blast to cause widespread losses demands immediate action to understand and manage this explosive disease. The recent appearance of wheat blast in Bangladesh demonstrates the threat of global spread, which could occur via the movement of infected seed or grain. MoT mainly infects wheat heads, with symptoms closely resembling Fusarium head blight. To date, wheat blast is considered an intractable and dangerous disease and fungicides have shown limited efficacy. Disease management requires identification of new resistance sources and a complete understanding of MoT ecology and wheat blast epidemiology. Understanding the full potential for pathogen variability, including any role for sexual reproduction in the field, is critical. A small number of pathogen avirulence (AVR) genes block other host-adapted M. oryzae pathotypes from infecting wheat; so potential AVR gene mutations leading to new host jumps remain a threat. Indeed, some strains of the closely related Lolium pathotype, causing gray leaf spot of turf grasses, already infect wheat. This review provides the current status of wheat blast research and disease control strategies indicating similarities and differences to rice blast and gray leaf spot. Critical knowledge gaps are discussed.

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Section: Fungal Taxonomy and Biologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fungal Taxonomy and Biologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Wheat blast disease: danger on the move

Cruz

Valent

2017

Trop. plant pathol.

218

214

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“…Entre las enfermedades más nocivas a escala mundial se encuentra el añublo del arroz o piriculariosis producida por un hongo filamentoso conocido como Pyricularia grisea, (Cooke) Sacc (estado anamorfo) o Magnaporthe grisea (Herbert) Barr (estado telomorfo), el cual puede disminuir los niveles de producción en un 35 a 45 % (Agrios, 1991), reportándose en más de 70 países altamente productores de este cereal (Cordero y Rivero, 2001). Asimismo, este organismo fúngico se considera un complejo de la especie Pyricularia grisea, ya que presenta una alta variabilidad genética, encontrándose entre 15 y 70 cepas por país, no conociendo totalmente el mecanismo que facilita dicha diversidad genética, a fin de establecer las eficientes estrategias de control de la devastadora enfermedad que causa este patógeno fúngico (Zhang et al, 2015), encontrándose por ejemplo 267 y 162 cepas de distinto grado de virulencia respectivamente en Bangladesh (Khan et al, 2016) y Brasil (D'Ávila et al, 2016.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Establecimiento de un sistema de selección in vitro de variedades venezolanas de arroz (Oryza sativa L.) resistentes al hongo Pyricularia grisea.

Silva¹,

Ramírez²,

Silva³

et al. 2017

Acta biol. Colomb.

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RESUMENEl arroz, luego del trigo, es el cereal más importante del mundo, sin embargo, es susceptible al ataque de numerosos patógenos, siendo Pyricularia grisea, el más dañino. Este trabajo estableció un sistema de selección in vitro de variedades venezolanas a P. grisea, optimizando el sistema de regeneración por embriogénesis somática (inducción, regeneración y estrés por desecación), sometiendo el callo embriogénico (E) a presión de selección del filtrado crudo "FC" a través de cambios a la misma concentración "MC" o por incrementos progresivos en la concentración "IPC", obteniendo plantas tolerantes al fitopatógeno. El máximo porcentaje de inducción de callo embriogénico oscilo entre 30-65 %, en las cuatro variedades (Araure-4 y Venezuela 21: 1 mg., mientras que la regeneración estuvo entre 44 y 52 % con 0.5 mg.L -1 + 2 mg.L -1 BAP a 48 h de desecación para Centauro y 24 h para las otras tres variedades. La frecuencia regenerativa de los callos E disminuyo a medida que se incrementó la concentración del FC, independientemente del método de presión selectiva. El promedio de plantas diferenciada por variedad, dependió del método de presión usado, siendo el sistema IPC (25 % para Centauro y 50 % para las otras tres variedades) el que mostro los resultados más favorables, evidenciándose que para las condiciones de los sistemas selectivos de FC evaluados, la resistencia expresada a nivel de planta in vivo no corresponde a la encontrada in vitro.Palabras claves: embriogénesis somática, estrés hídrico por desecación, presión de selección de filtrado crudo in vitro. ABSTRACTRice after wheat is the most important cereal in the world, however, it is susceptible to attack by many pathogens, which Pyricularia grisea being the most harmful. In the current study we established an in-vitro selection system of P. grisea on Venezuelan rice varieties. A somatic embryogenesis regeneration system was optimized (induction, regeneration and desiccation) to expose embryogenic callus (E) to crude filtrate "CF" selection pressure through changes at the same concentration "SC" or progressive concentration increments " PIC "of P. grisea, and thus obtain plants tolerant to the pathogen. The maximum percentage of embryogenic callus induction ranged between 30-65 % in the four varieties (Araure-4 and Venezuela-21: 1 mg.L-1 + 2 mg.L-1 K; Cimarron: 3 mg.L-1 mg.L-1 + 2 K; Centauro: 1 mg.L-1 + 2 mg.L-1 BAP) while regeneration was between 44 and 52 % with 0.5 mg.L-1 + 2 mg.L-1 BAP 48 h of desiccation for Centauro and 24 h for the other three varieties. The regeneration frequency of embryogenic callus decreased as the concentration of FC increased, regardless of the method of selective pressure. The average differentiated plants per variety, depended on the pressure method used, with the PIC system being the most favorable (25 % for Centauro and 50 % for the other three varieties).

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“…In the rice blast fungus M. oryzae , infection is carried out by the conidia which germinates to produce an appressirium2627. Endocytosis plays a crucial role in conidial cells to detect certain external signals, and is required for hyphal tip growth28.…”

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confidence: 99%

MoVrp1, a putative verprolin protein, is required for asexual development and infection in the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae

Huang

Zhang

Yin

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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Endocytosis is a crucial cellular process in eukaryotic cells which involves clathrin and/or adaptor proteins, lipid kinases, phosphatases and the actin cytoskeleton. Verprolin proteins, such as Vrp1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, are conserved family proteins that regulate actin binding and endocytosis. Here, we identified and characterized MoVrp1 as the yeast Vrp1 homolog in Magnaporthe oryzae. Deletion of the MoVRP1 gene resulted in defects in vegetative growth, asexual development, and infection of the host plant. The ∆Movrp1 mutants also exhibited decreased extracellular peroxidase and laccase activities and showed defects in colony pigmentation, hyphal surface hydrophobicity, cell wall integrity, autophagy, endocytosis, and secretion of avirulent effector. Our studies provided new evidences that MoVrp1 involved in actin cytoskeleton is important for growth, morphogenesis, cellular trafficking, and fungal pathogenesis.

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The Magnaporthe grisea species complex and plant pathogenesis

Abstract: http://www.broadinstitute.org/annotation/genome/magnaporthe_comparative/MultiHome.html.

Cited by 109 publications

References 91 publications

Wheat blast disease: danger on the move

Wheat blast disease: danger on the move

Establecimiento de un sistema de selección in vitro de variedades venezolanas de arroz (Oryza sativa L.) resistentes al hongo Pyricularia grisea.

MoVrp1, a putative verprolin protein, is required for asexual development and infection in the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae

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