The <i>tet</i>(Q) gene in bacteria isolated from patients with refractory periodontal disease

Olsvik, Bente; Olsen, Ingar; Tenover, Fred C.

doi:10.1111/j.1399-302x.1994.tb00067.x

Cited by 29 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Tet(Q) was mainly found in gram-negative organisms (Table 3). Tet(Q) has been reported to be common in gramnegative oral bacteria that are associated with periodontal destruction (13,24). However, this study has shown for the first time that tet(Q) is present in commensal Neisseria spp.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 45%

“…tet(M) has been found in many different bacterial genera in the oral cavity (12); tet(O) and tet(Q) have been isolated from gram-positive and gram-negative oral species, respectively (21,24,25); tet(K) and tet(L) have been isolated from Streptomyces species (26); and several efflux genes have been isolated from gram-negative oral species (32). However, the prevalence of the newly discovered tetracycline resistance genes in the oral cavity has not been investigated.…”

Section: Tet(d) Tet(e) Tet(g) Tet(h) Tet(j) Tet(y) Tet(z) Tet(mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of Tetracycline Resistance Genes in Oral Bacteria

Villedieu

Diaz-Torres

Hunt

et al. 2003

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

120

105

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Tetracycline is a broad-spectrum antibiotic used in humans, animals, and aquaculture; therefore, many bacteria from different ecosystems are exposed to this antibiotic. In order to determine the genetic basis for resistance to tetracycline in bacteria from the oral cavity, saliva and dental plaque samples were obtained from 20 healthy adults who had not taken antibiotics during the previous 3 months. The samples were screened for the presence of bacteria resistant to tetracycline, and the tetracycline resistance genes in these isolates were identified by multiplex PCR and DNA sequencing. Tetracycline-resistant bacteria constituted an average of 11% of the total cultivable oral microflora. A representative 105 tetracycline-resistant isolates from the 20 samples were investigated; most of the isolates carried tetracycline resistance genes encoding a ribosomal protection protein. The most common tet gene identified was tet(M), which was found in 79% of all the isolates. The second most common gene identified was tet(W), which was found in 21% of all the isolates, followed by tet(O) and tet(Q) (10.5 and 9.5% of the isolates, respectively) and then tet(S) (2.8% of the isolates). Tetracycline resistance genes encoding an efflux protein were detected in 4.8% of all the tetracycline-resistant isolates; 2.8% of the isolates had tet(L) and 1% carried tet(A) and tet(K) each. The results have shown that a variety of tetracycline resistance genes are present in the oral microflora of healthy adults. This is the first report of tet(W) in oral bacteria and the first report to show that tet(O), tet(Q), tet(A), and tet(S) can be found in some oral species.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 45%

Section: Tet(d) Tet(e) Tet(g) Tet(h) Tet(j) Tet(y) Tet(z) Tet(mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Tetracycline Resistance Genes in Oral Bacteria

Villedieu

Diaz-Torres

Hunt

et al. 2003

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

120

105

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“…This gene is now found in a number of Prevotella spp. from the oral cavity as well as in other Gram-negative oral genera such as Mitsuokella, Capnocytophaga, and Veillonella [101]. A total of six different Gram-negative genera currently have been shown to carry this gene (Table 1).…”

Section: Gram-negative Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Tetracycline resistance determinants: mechanisms of action, regulation of expression, genetic mobility, and distribution

Roberts

1996

FEMS Microbiology Reviews

164

237

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Tetracycline-resistant bacteria were first isolated in 1953 from Shigella dysenteriae, a bacterium which causes bacterial dysentery. Since then tetracycline-resistant bacteria have been found in increasing numbers of species and genera. This has resulted in reduced effectiveness of tetracycline therapy over time. Tetracycline resistance is normally due to the acquisition of new genes often associated with either a mobile plasmid or a transposon. These tetracycline resistance determin~mts are distinguishable both genetically and biochemically. Resistance is primarily due to either energy-dependent efflux Of tetracycline or protection of the ribosomes from the action of tetracycline. Gram-negative tetracycline efflux proteins are linked to repressor proteins which in the absence of tetracycline block transcription of the repressor and structural effiux genes. In contrast, expression of the Gram-positive tetracycline efflux genes and some of the ribosomal protection genes appears to be regulated by attenuation of mRNA transcription. Specific tetracycline resistance genes have been identified in 32 Gram-negative and 22 Gram-positive genera, Tetracycline-resistant bacteria are found in pathogens, opportunistic and normal flora species. Tetracycline-resistant bacteria can be isolated from man, animals, food, and the environment. The nonpathogens in each of these ecosystems may play an important role as reservoirs for the antibiotic resistance genes. It is clear that if we are to reverse the trend toward increasingly antibiotic-resistant pathogenic bacteria we will need to change how antibiotics are used in both human and animal health and food production.

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“…This gene is now found in a number of Prevotella spp. from the oral cavity and in other oral gramnegative genera such as Capnocytophaga, Mitsuokella, Selenomonas, and Veillonella (200,201,230). From other sites we found tet(Q) in gram-positive Clostridium, Gardnerella, and Peptostreptococcus spp.…”

Section: Tet(a) Tet(b) Tet(c) Tet(d) Tet(e) Tet(g) Tet(h) Tet(mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tetracycline Antibiotics: Mode of Action, Applications, Molecular Biology, and Epidemiology of Bacterial Resistance

Chopra

Roberts

2001

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

3,630

2,643

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Tetracyclines were discovered in the 1940s and exhibited activity against a wide range of microorganisms including gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, chlamydiae, mycoplasmas, rickettsiae, and protozoan parasites. They are inexpensive antibiotics, which have been used extensively in the prophlylaxis and therapy of human and animal infections and also at subtherapeutic levels in animal feed as growth promoters. The first tetracycline-resistant bacterium, Shigella dysenteriae, was isolated in 1953. Tetracycline resistance now occurs in an increasing number of pathogenic, opportunistic, and commensal bacteria. The presence of tetracycline-resistant pathogens limits the use of these agents in treatment of disease. Tetracycline resistance is often due to the acquisition of new genes, which code for energy-dependent efflux of tetracyclines or for a protein that protects bacterial ribosomes from the action of tetracyclines. Many of these genes are associated with mobile plasmids or transposons and can be distinguished from each other using molecular methods including DNA-DNA hybridization with oligonucleotide probes and DNA sequencing. A limited number of bacteria acquire resistance by mutations, which alter the permeability of the outer membrane porins and/or lipopolysaccharides in the outer membrane, change the regulation of innate efflux systems, or alter the 16S rRNA. New tetracycline derivatives are being examined, although their role in treatment is not clear. Changing the use of tetracyclines in human and animal health as well as in food production is needed if we are to continue to use this class of broad-spectrum antimicrobials through the present century

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The tet(Q) gene in bacteria isolated from patients with refractory periodontal disease

Cited by 29 publications

References 21 publications

Prevalence of Tetracycline Resistance Genes in Oral Bacteria

Prevalence of Tetracycline Resistance Genes in Oral Bacteria

Tetracycline resistance determinants: mechanisms of action, regulation of expression, genetic mobility, and distribution

Tetracycline Antibiotics: Mode of Action, Applications, Molecular Biology, and Epidemiology of Bacterial Resistance

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