The<i>Xenopus</i>Pronephros

Miller, Rachel K.; Lee, Moon-Sup; McCrea, Pierre D.

doi:10.1002/9781118492833.ch12

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 142 publications

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“…Additionally, the Xenopus pronephric and the mammalian metanephric tubules and duct are both responsible for filtering and eliminating waste products, and the common developmental markers of nephric components are also conserved (Table 1) [10–36]. The similarities in segmentation and expression of molecular markers between the Xenopus pronephric and the mammalian metanephric nephron have been covered in detail in multiple reviews [37–42] and therefore will not be discussed here in great detail.…”

Section: Xenopus: a Unique Model System For The Study Of Nephrogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, animal cap explant assays take advantage of the ability to explant tissue from a Xenopus embryo and induce kidney development ex vivo. These assays, coupled with the new transgenic lines expressing fluorescent proteins in the kidney and live imaging technologies that are currently available, make kidney engineering and regeneration experiments in Xenopus feasible [42]. Additionally, Xenopus is a good candidate for multi-model studies involving human genome-wide association studies, mouse organoid cultures and cell culture work.…”

Section: Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Xenopus: leaping forward in kidney organogenesis

2016

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While kidney donations stagnate, the number of people in need of kidney transplants continues to grow. Although transplanting culture-grown organs is years away, pursuing the engineering of the kidney de novo is a valid means of closing the gap between the supply and demand of kidneys for transplantation. The structural organization of a mouse kidney is similar to that of humans. Therefore, mice have traditionally served as the primary model system for the study of kidney development. The mouse is an ideal model organism for understanding the complexity of the human kidney. Nonetheless, the elaborate structure of the mammalian kidney makes the discovery of new therapies based on de novo engineered kidneys more challenging. In contrast to mammals, amphibians have a kidney that is anatomically less complex and develops faster. Given that analogous genetic networks regulate the development of mammalian and amphibian nephric organs, using embryonic kidneys of Xenopus laevis (African clawed frog) to analyze inductive cell signaling events and morphogenesis has many advantages. Pioneering work that led to the ability to generate kidney organoids from embryonic cells was carried out in Xenopus. In this review, we discuss how Xenopus can be utilized to compliment the work performed in mammalian systems to understand kidney development.

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Section: Xenopus: a Unique Model System For The Study Of Nephrogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Xenopus: leaping forward in kidney organogenesis

2016

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“…In addition, since these organisms are aquatic, drug treatments can be administrated through the water in which the embryos are growing in order to identify treatments, perform rescues, or to validate phenotypes seen from another technique. Furthermore, transgenic animals can be created through the aid of TOL2 transposons, ISceI meganuclease, or CRISPR guided homologous recombination (Aslan, Tadjuidje, Zorn, & Cha, 2017; Corkins et al, 2018; Fisher et al, 2006; Miller, Lee, & McCrea, 2014; Ogino, McConnell, & Grainger, 2006). Some aquatic species also have advantages over their mammalian counterparts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aquatic models of human ciliary diseases

Corkins

Krneta‐Stankic

Kloc

et al. 2021

Genesis

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Cilia are microtubule‐based structures that either transmit information into the cell or move fluid outside of the cell. There are many human diseases that arise from malfunctioning cilia. Although mammalian models provide vital insights into the underlying pathology of these diseases, aquatic organisms such as Xenopus and zebrafish provide valuable tools to help screen and dissect out the underlying causes of these diseases. In this review we focus on recent studies that identify or describe different types of human ciliopathies and outline how aquatic organisms have aided our understanding of these diseases.

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Transgenic Xenopus laevis Line for In Vivo Labeling of Nephrons within the Kidney

Corkins

Hanania

Krneta‐Stankic

et al. 2018

Genes

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Xenopus laevis embryos are an established model for studying kidney development. The nephron structure and genetic pathways that regulate nephrogenesis are conserved between Xenopus and humans, allowing for the study of human disease-causing genes. Xenopus embryos are also amenable to large-scale screening, but studies of kidney disease-related genes have been impeded because assessment of kidney development has largely been limited to examining fixed embryos. To overcome this problem, we have generated a transgenic line that labels the kidney. We characterize this cdh17:eGFP line, showing green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression in the pronephric and mesonephric kidneys and colocalization with known kidney markers. We also demonstrate the feasibility of live imaging of embryonic kidney development and the use of cdh17:eGFP as a kidney marker for secretion assays. Additionally, we develop a new methodology to isolate and identify kidney cells for primary culture. We also use morpholino knockdown of essential kidney development genes to establish that GFP expression enables observation of phenotypes, previously only described in fixed embryos. Taken together, this transgenic line will enable primary kidney cell culture and live imaging of pronephric and mesonephric kidney development. It will also provide a simple means for high-throughput screening of putative human kidney disease-causing genes.

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TheXenopusPronephros

Cited by 3 publications

References 142 publications

Xenopus: leaping forward in kidney organogenesis

Xenopus: leaping forward in kidney organogenesis

Aquatic models of human ciliary diseases

Transgenic Xenopus laevis Line for In Vivo Labeling of Nephrons within the Kidney

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