We present the discovery of nine quasars at z ∼ 6 identified in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) imaging data. This completes our survey of z ∼ 6 quasars in the SDSS footprint. Our final sample consists of 52 quasars at 5.7 < z ≤ 6.4, including 29 quasars with z AB ≤ 20 mag selected from 11,240 deg 2 of the SDSS single-epoch imaging survey (the main survey), 10 quasars with 20 ≤ z AB ≤ 20.5 selected from 4223 deg 2 of the SDSS overlap regions (regions with two or more imaging scans), and 13 quasars down to z AB ≈ 22 mag from the 277 deg 2 in Stripe 82. They span a wide luminosity range of −29.0 ≤ M 1450 ≤ −24.5. This well-defined sample is used to derive the quasar luminosity function (QLF) at z ∼ 6. After combining our SDSS sample with two faint (M 1450 ≥ −23 mag) quasars from the literature, we obtain the parameters for a double power-law fit to the QLF. The bright-end slope β of the QLF is well constrained to be β = −2.8 ± 0.2. Due to the small number of low-luminosity quasars, the faint-end slope α and the characteristic magnitude M * 1450 are less well constrained, with α = −1.90The spatial density of luminous quasars, parametrized as ρ(M 1450 < −26, z) = ρ(z = 6) 10 k(z−6) , drops rapidly from z ∼ 5 to 6, with k = −0.72 ± 0.11. Based on our fitted QLF and assuming an IGM clumping factor of C = 3, we find that the observed quasar population cannot provide enough photons to ionize the z ∼ 6 IGM at ∼ 90% confidence. Quasars may still provide a significant fraction of the required photons, although much larger samples of faint quasars are needed for more stringent constraints on the quasar contribution to reionization.