The IAEA stopping power database, following the trends in stopping power of ions in matter

Experimental electronic stopping cross section of transition metals for light ions: Systematics around the stopping maximum

“…The Nuclear Data Section of the Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) [21] maintains a database of experimentally deduced stopping powers for light and heavy ions, together with a number of theoretical and semiempiricalbased comparisons for several ion-target combinations [22]. Although this database holds values from more than 850 references [23], a closer examination of the available data quickly reveals open issues: For many ion-solid combinations, either there are no experimental data available, or data sets from different experimental works are widely scattered, well beyond their stated uncertainties. Only a few chemical elements, that are readily available with high purity (mainly C, Al, Si, Cu, Ag, and Au), represent the most abundantly measured targets in the IAEA database [24] and correspond to more than 60% of all available data of stopping power for light ions.…”

Proton energy loss in multilayer graphene and carbon nanotubes

“…(250 eV) velocity. Another interesting characteristic is that the proton energy loss in MLG is larger as compared with the values obtained for amorphous carbon and nanotubes (12,13,20,21). The isolated point at 0.63 a.u.…”

“…Low Energy Ion Scattering-LEIS), in which particles probe the first few atomic layers of nanostructured materials (10,11). In the energy range considered in this work, experimental data on the stopping cross section in any material is very scarce and deserves to be studied to extend tests of the reliability of theoretical models and semi-empirical data compilations (12,13). These results which may present considerable differences with bulk results deserve to be investigated.…”

“…In between 5 and 10 keV, we did not perform measurements, in order to avoid target damage. For comparative purposes, we include data for protons energy loss in amorphous carbon (blue symbols), obtained from data compilations (13). Also shown are the experimental energy losses for protons in carbon nanotubes of different dimensions.…”

“…Green symbols correspond to proton energy loss data in a multi-wall carbon nanotube with an internal diameter of 5 nm and an external diameter of 27 nm, which correspond to a wall thickness 11 nm (20). Black symbols correspond to (13). Green and black symbols correspond to proton energy loss in MWCNT nanotubes, see text (20,21).…”