The ID21 X-ray and infrared microscopy beamline at the ESRF: status and recent applications to artistic materials

Cotte, Marine; Pouyet, Émeline; Salomé, Murielle; Rivard, Camille; Nolf, Wout De; Castillo‐Michel, Hiram; Fabris, Tiphaine; Monico, Letizia; Janssens, Koen; Wang, Tian; Sciau, Philippe; Verger, Louisiane; Cormier, Laurent; Dargaud, Olivier; Brun, Emmanuel; Bugnazet, David; Fayard, Barbara; Hesse, Bernhard; Real, Ana Elena Pradas del; Veronesi, Giulia; Langlois, Juliette; Balcar, Nathalie; Vandenberghe, Yannick; Solé, V. A.; Kieffer, Jérôme; Barrett, R.; Cohen, Cédric; Cornu, C.; Baker, R.; Gagliardini, E.; Papillon, Emmanuel; Susini, J.

doi:10.1039/c6ja00356g

Cited by 153 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Thin sections (2-10 mmi nt hickness) were obtained with am icrotome from all unaged/aged samples and analyzed by combining SR-based m-XRF/m-XANES at the SK -a nd Cd L 3 -edges (scanning Xray microscope end-station of beamline ID21 at ESRF,G renoble) [43] and SR-based m-XRD mapping (m-XRD/m-XRF end-station of beamline ID21-ESRF [43] and beamline P06-PETRA III at DESY,H amburg). [44] Additional details about the instruments and the employed experimental conditions are described in the Supporting Information.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of the Relative Humidity and the Cd/Zn Stoichiometry in the Photooxidation Process of Cadmium Yellows (CdS/Cd_1−xZn_xS) in Oil Paintings

Monico

Chieli

Meyer

et al. 2018

Chemistry A European J

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Cadmium yellows (CdYs) refer to a family of cadmium sulfide pigments, which have been widely used by artists since the late 19th century. Despite being considered stable, they are suffering from discoloration in iconic paintings, such as Joy of Life by Matisse, Flowers in a blue vase by Van Gogh, and The Scream by Munch, most likely due to the formation of CdSO ⋅n H O. The driving factors of the CdYs degradation and how these affect the overall process are still unknown. Here, we study a series of oil mock-up paints made of CdYs of different stoichiometry (CdS/Cd Zn S) and crystalline structure (hexagonal/cubic) before and after aging at variable relative humidity under exposure to light and in darkness. Synchrotron radiation-based X-ray methods combined with UV-Vis and FTIR spectroscopy show that: 1) Cd Zn S is more susceptible to photooxidation than CdS; both compounds can act as photocatalysts for the oil oxidation. 2) The photooxidation of CdS/Cd Zn S to CdSO ⋅n H O is triggered by moisture. 3) The nature of alteration products depends on the aging conditions and the Cd/Zn stoichiometry. Based on our findings, we propose a scheme for the mechanism of the photocorrosion process and the photocatalytic activity of CdY pigments in the oil binder. Overall, our results form a reliable basis for understanding the degradation of CdS-based paints in artworks and contribute towards developing better ways of preserving them for future generations.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of the Relative Humidity and the Cd/Zn Stoichiometry in the Photooxidation Process of Cadmium Yellows (CdS/Cd_1−xZn_xS) in Oil Paintings

Monico

Chieli

Meyer

et al. 2018

Chemistry A European J

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“…Measurements were performed on the ID21 beamline at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF, Grenoble, France) equipped with a fixed exit Si(111) two‐crystal monochromator (Cotte et al, ). The X‐ray photons were focussed by a KB mirror system providing a submicron resolution of 0.6 μm (H) × 0.3 μm (V) full width at half maximum (FWHM) on the sample.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Measurements were performed on the ID21 beamline at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF, Grenoble, France) equipped with a fixed exit Si(111) two-crystal monochromator (Cotte et al, 2017).…”

Section: μXrf Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pyrenoidal sequestration of cadmium impairs carbon dioxide fixation in a microalga

Penen

Isaure

Dobritzsch

et al. 2019

Plant Cell & Environment

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Mixotrophic microorganisms are able to use organic carbon as well as inorganic carbon sources and thus, play an essential role in the biogeochemical carbon cycle. In aquatic ecosystems, the alteration of carbon dioxide (CO2) fixation by toxic metals such as cadmium – classified as a priority pollutant – could contribute to the unbalance of the carbon cycle. In consequence, the investigation of cadmium impact on carbon assimilation in mixotrophic microorganisms is of high interest. We exposed the mixotrophic microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii to cadmium in a growth medium containing both CO2 and labelled 13C‐[1,2] acetate as carbon sources. We showed that the accumulation of cadmium in the pyrenoid, where it was predominantly bound to sulphur ligands, impaired CO2 fixation to the benefit of acetate assimilation. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM)/X‐ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (X‐EDS) and micro X‐ray fluorescence (μXRF)/micro X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure (μXANES) at Cd LIII‐edge indicated the localization and the speciation of cadmium in the cellular structure. In addition, nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS) analysis of the 13C/12C ratio in pyrenoid and starch granules revealed the origin of carbon sources. The fraction of carbon in starch originating from CO2 decreased from 73 to 39% during cadmium stress. For the first time, the complementary use of high‐resolution elemental and isotopic imaging techniques allowed relating the impact of cadmium at the subcellular level with carbon assimilation in a mixotrophic microalga.

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“…The distribution of light and some heavy elements in the cells was evaluated by using 0.9keV X‐rays photons at the TwinMic beamline of Elettra‐Sincrotrone (Trieste, Italy) and 7.3keV X‐rays photons at the ID21 beamline of European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF; Grenoble, France). In both cases, the measurements were performed in vacuum to allow the detection of light elements and to reduce air absorption.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iron‐related toxicity effects of single‐walled carbon nanotubes in human placental cells (BeWo) investigated by X‐ray fluorescence microscopy

et al. 2018

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As the prospect of human beings exposed to new nanomaterials increases, there are growing concerns about the foetal exposure and effects of such nanomaterials during pregnancy. Among others, due to their ample usage, it becomes urgent to address the vulnerability of the human placental barrier to carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Recently, by applying a combination of advanced synchrotron‐based X‐ray microscopy and X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) techniques, we demonstrated that raw single‐walled CNTs (SWCNTs) may cause an asbestos‐like iron‐related toxicity in mesothelial (MeT5A) cells. This work shows the results obtained with the same approach and experimental conditions in human choriocarcinoma (BeWo) cells as a placental model. XRF microscopy in mild and soft X‐ray regimes was used to map the distribution of P, S, Ca, and Fe in exposed and control cells, whereas absorption and phase‐contrast imaging (soft X‐ray microscopy) provided simultaneous morphological information. The findings show that exposure to SWCNTs affects cell viability and causes a small increase in intracellular iron content, further confirmed by the stimulation of the ferritin protein. It is interesting to note that the iron changes are negligible when highly purified SWCNTs are used. In all tested conditions, including exposure to iron sulfate, the iron accumulation or ferritin increase was much lower in BeWo cells than in MeT5A ones, suggesting a different iron metabolism and possibly a lower vulnerability of the placental barrier to iron‐rich nanomaterials.

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The ID21 X-ray and infrared microscopy beamline at the ESRF: status and recent applications to artistic materials

Abstract: ID21 beamline (ESRF) offers combination of μXRF, μXANES (2.0–9.1 keV), μXRD and μFTIR, increasingly used to analyse artistic and ancient materials.

Cited by 153 publications

References 57 publications

Role of the Relative Humidity and the Cd/Zn Stoichiometry in the Photooxidation Process of Cadmium Yellows (CdS/Cd_1−xZn_xS) in Oil Paintings

Role of the Relative Humidity and the Cd/Zn Stoichiometry in the Photooxidation Process of Cadmium Yellows (CdS/Cd_1−xZn_xS) in Oil Paintings

Pyrenoidal sequestration of cadmium impairs carbon dioxide fixation in a microalga

Iron‐related toxicity effects of single‐walled carbon nanotubes in human placental cells (BeWo) investigated by X‐ray fluorescence microscopy

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The ID21 X-ray and infrared microscopy beamline at the ESRF: status and recent applications to artistic materials

Abstract: ID21 beamline (ESRF) offers combination of μXRF, μXANES (2.0–9.1 keV), μXRD and μFTIR, increasingly used to analyse artistic and ancient materials.

Cited by 153 publications

References 57 publications

Role of the Relative Humidity and the Cd/Zn Stoichiometry in the Photooxidation Process of Cadmium Yellows (CdS/Cd1−xZnxS) in Oil Paintings

Role of the Relative Humidity and the Cd/Zn Stoichiometry in the Photooxidation Process of Cadmium Yellows (CdS/Cd1−xZnxS) in Oil Paintings

Pyrenoidal sequestration of cadmium impairs carbon dioxide fixation in a microalga

Iron‐related toxicity effects of single‐walled carbon nanotubes in human placental cells (BeWo) investigated by X‐ray fluorescence microscopy

Contact Info

Product

Resources

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Role of the Relative Humidity and the Cd/Zn Stoichiometry in the Photooxidation Process of Cadmium Yellows (CdS/Cd_1−xZn_xS) in Oil Paintings

Role of the Relative Humidity and the Cd/Zn Stoichiometry in the Photooxidation Process of Cadmium Yellows (CdS/Cd_1−xZn_xS) in Oil Paintings